Recent developments in phase change materials for energy storage applications: A review

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) with high transformation temperatures can enable simplifications and improvements in operating efficiency of many mechanical components designed to operate at tem...

High temperature shape memory alloys

The use of a latent heat storage system using Phase Change Materials (PCM) is an effective way of storing thermal energy (solar energy, off-peak electricity, industrial waste heat) and has the advantages of high storage density and the isothermal nature of the storage process. It has been demonstrated that, for the development of a latent heat storage system, choice of the PCM plays an important role in addition to heat transfer mechanism. The information on the latent heat storage materials and systems is enormous and published widely in the literatures. In this paper, we make an effort to gather the information from the previous works on PCMs and latent heat storage systems. This review will help to find a suitable PCM for various purposes a suitable heat exchanger with ways to enhance the heat transfer, and it will also help to provide a variety of designs to store the heat using PCMs for different applications, i.e. space heating & cooling, solar cooking, greenhouses, solar water heating and waste heat recovery systems. Measurement techniques of thermophysical properties, studies on thermal cycles for long term stability, corrosion of the PCMs and enhancement of heat transfer in PCM are discussed. New PCM innovations are also included for the awareness of new applications. This paper contains a list of about 250 PCMs and more than 250 references.

Latent Heat Storage Materials and Systems: A Review

Calcium phosphate cements for bone substitution: chemistry, handling and mechanical properties.

The role of solid nanoparticle technology in the parenteral delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs.

Effect of atomic order on the martensitic transformation of Ni¿Fe¿Ga alloys

An apatitic calcium phosphate cement is obtained by mixing α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) and precipitated hydroxyapatite into a cement powder, and by then mixing this powder with an aqueous solution of Na2HPO4 as an accelerator. Setting times were reduced by about 30% by increasing the temperature from 22 to 37°C. Compressive strength reached higher intermediate and final values at 37 °C. Degrees of transformation of the α-TCP in the resulting calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) were much higher at 37 °C after 24 h of storage in Ringer's solution according to X-ray diffraction. Differential scanning calorimetry indicated that the rate of reaction increased by a factor of about 5 when the temperature was increased from 25 to 37 °C. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the microstructure was more homogeneous and that a more tight entanglement of the precipitated CDHA crystals occurred after storage at 37 °C than at room temperature.

The effects of temperature on the behaviour of an apatitic calcium phosphate cement

Effect of ageing on the martensitic transformation of Ni–Fe–Ga alloys

Temperature-induced transformations under constant tensile loads (thermomechanical cycling) have been performed on a set of Cu–Al–Ni-based shape-memory ribbons prepared by melt spinning. The rapidly solidified ribbons being already characterized in what concerns martensite and parent phase ageing and their effects on the thermal (stress free) martensitic transformation, the purpose of this study was to complete the characterization of the ribbons, particularly in their shape-memory effect. The results presented for a Cu—13.0 Al—4.0 Ni—0.3 Ti—0.05 B (wt.%) ribbon show larger recoverable strains in the strain–temperature cycles (thus larger shape-memory effect) for ribbons aged at 200 °C than for the as-spun samples. The dependence of the transformation temperatures T on the applied load, quantified through the slope dT/dσ, increases for aged alloys. Both results can be related to the recovery of internal stresses produced by the rapid solidification and some recovery of short-range disorder, both mechanisms favouring higher values of the effective transformation strain. This behaviour is in agreement with the evolution of transformation temperatures in stress free transformation and related microstructural changes produced by ageing the ribbons in parent phase.

Joaquim Muntasell

Papers

Effect of atomic order on the martensitic transformation of Ni¿Fe¿Ga alloys

The effects of temperature on the behaviour of an apatitic calcium phosphate cement

Effect of ageing on the martensitic transformation of Ni–Fe–Ga alloys

Thermomechanical cycling in Cu–Al–Ni-based melt-spun shape-memory ribbons

Poly(butylene terephthalate) poly(ethylene terephthalate) mixtures formed by ball milling