The ancient world

Part I. Background: 1. Introduction 2. Before the Mongols Part II. Political-Economic Relations: 3. Formation of the Il-qans, 1251-65 4. Grand Qans and Il-qans, 1265-95 5. Continuity and change under Ghazan, 1295-1304 6. Sultans and Grand Qans, 1304-35 7. Economic ties 8. Overview of the relationship Part III. Intermediaries: 9. Marco Polo and Po-lo 10. Qubilai and Bolad Aqa 11. Rashid al-Din and Pulad chinksank Part IV. Cultural Exchange: 12. Historiography 13. Geography and cartography 14. Agriculture 15. Cuisine 16. Medicine 17. Astronomy 18. Printing Part V. Analysis and Conclusions: 19. Models and methods 20. Agency 21. Filtering 22. Summation.

http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/samples/cam031/00054700.pdf

Culture and conquest in Mongol Eurasia

Europe's place in history is re-assessed in this first comprehensive history of the ancient world, centering on the Indian Ocean and its role in pre-modern globalization. Philippe Beaujard presents an ambitious and comprehensive global history of the Indian Ocean world, from the earliest state formations to 1500 CE. Supported by a wealth of empirical data, full color maps, plates, and figures, he shows how Asia and Africa dominated the economic and cultural landscape and the flow of ideas in the pre-modern world. This led to a trans-regional division of labor and an Afro-Eurasian world economy. Beaujard questions the origins of capitalism and hints at how this world-system may evolve in the future. The result is a reorienting of world history, taking the Indian Ocean, rather than Europe, as the point of departure. Volume II provides in-depth coverage of the period from the seventh century CE to the fifteenth century CE.

The Worlds of the Indian Ocean: A Global History

When Robert Sewell inaugurated the modern study of the South Indian state of Vijayanagara with his classic A Forgotten Empire (1900), he characterized the state as “a Hindu bulwark against Muhammadan conquests” (Sewell [1900] 1962, 1), thereby formulating one of the enduring axioms of Vijayanagara historiography. From their capital on the banks of the Tungabhadra river, the kings of Vijayanagara ruled over a territory of more than 140,000 square miles, and their state survived three changes of dynasty to endure for a period of nearly three hundred years, from the mid-fourteenth through the mid-seventeenth centuries (Stein 1989, 1–2). According to Sewell, this achievement was to be understood as “the natural result of the persistent efforts made by the Muhammadans to conquer all India” ([1900] 1962, 1). Hindu kingdoms had exercised hegemony over South India for most of the previous millennium, but were divided among themselves when the Muslim forces of Muhammad bin Tughluq swept over the South in the early decades of the fourteenth century: “When these dreaded invaders reached the Krishna River the Hindus to their south, stricken with terror, combined, and gathered in haste to the new standard [of Vijayanagara] which alone seemed to offer some hope of protection. The decayed old states crumbled away into nothingness, and the fighting kings of Vijayanagar became the saviours of the south for two and a half centuries” (Sewell [1900] 1962, 1).

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0021911800029089

“Sultan among Hindu Kings”: Dress, Titles, and the Islamicization of Hindu Culture at Vijayanagara

Current events are always likely to turn academic and public interest back to the well-worn topic of conflict between members of India's major religions. The manner in which antagonism between Bengali immigrants and local people in Assam has taken on the form of a strife between communities, the revival of Sikh militancy, even the film ‘Gandhi’-all these will keep the issue on the boil. There are more scholarly reasons for awakened interest also. The rapid expansion of work on Indian Islam pioneered by scholars such as S. A. A. Rizvi, Imtiaz Ahmed and Barbara Metcalf has given us a new awareness of the structure and attitudes of Indian Muslim learned classes and sufis which inevitably reopens questions about the ideological component in communal consciousness. Nearer the theme of this paper, the work of Dr Sandria Freitag has provided valuable new insight into the popular mentalities which informed Hindu and Muslim behaviour in cases where violence occurred as a result of clashing religious festivals in Indian cities.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0026749X00012300

The Pre-history of ‘;Communalism’? Religious Conflict in India, 1700–1860

The history of india, as told by its own historians

https://static.my-shop.ru/product/pdf/87/860032.pdf

A classical dictionary of Hindu mythology and religion, geography, history, and literature

The history of India as told by its own historians : the Muhammadan period : the posthumous papers

This extensive eight-volume work was first published between 1867 and 1877 by the linguist John Dowson (1820–81) from the manuscripts of the colonial administrator and scholar Sir Henry Miers Elliot (1808–53). Before his death, hoping to bolster British colonial ideology, Elliot had intended to evaluate scores of Arabic and Persian historians of India, believing that his translations would demonstrate the violence of the Muslim rulers and 'make our native subjects more sensible of the immense advantages accruing to them under the mildness and the equity of our rule'. Volume 7 covers the period from Shah Jahan (1592–1666) to the early reign of Muhammad Shah (1702–48). It includes various Padshahnama, the works comprising the official visual history of Shah Jahan's reign, most notably that of Abdul Hamid Lahori (d.1654). Also included are substantial extracts from the Muntakhab-ul-Lubab of Khafi Khan, covering the long reign of Aurangzeb (1618–1707).

John Dowson

Papers

The history of india, as told by its own historians

A classical dictionary of Hindu mythology and religion, geography, history, and literature

The history of India as told by its own historians : the Muhammadan period : the posthumous papers

The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians: The Muhammadan Period

The History Of India As Told By Its Own Historians Vol. 6 Ed. 1st