Physiological systems bioelectric phenomena biomechanics biomaterials biosensors biomedical signal analysis imaging medical instruments and devices biological effects of non-ionizing biotechnology tissue engineering human performance engineering physiological modelling, simulation and control clinical engineering and artificial intelligence. (Part contents).

The Biomedical Engineering Handbook

Probing Systems in Dimensional Metrology

Experimental investigation of flow friction for liquid flow in microchannels

The research and development of wearable sensors have gained a growing interest due to the advantage of being flexible, thin, and light, which makes them highly desirable for robotic and healthcare applications. One of the essential devices in wearable technology is flexible temperature sensors for body temperature detection. Recent advances in flexible temperature sensors based on nanomaterials and conductive polymers are evaluated in this review. The temperature-responsive mechanisms, temperature-sensitive materials, and production methods of temperature sensors and recent outcomes of related papers are explained and classified in a detailed perspective. The flexible temperature sensors based on nanomaterial-filled polymer composites, printed/coated conductors, and textiles are explained in terms of structures and performances by giving examples from recent literature studies. The reliability and challenges of flexible temperature sensors are outlined from the point of view of structural design and implementation.

Flexible temperature sensors: A review

A water level measurement using an interdigital capacitive sensor with low-cost, low-energy, good repeatability, high linearity, and ease of installation is proposed with a support of experimental results. This sensor comprises a printed circuit board (PCB) with configuration of two interpenetrating comb electrodes. The comb electrode is 70–80 mm width, 300 mm height with 1–2 mm spacing between each comb. This configuration of electrode causes the capacitance between comb electrodes to vary by the water level. Microcontroller is used to calculate the capacitance between comb electrodes in terms of a discharge time correlated to the water level. A practical water level measurement technique using two comb electrodes designated as level and reference sensors is presented. This technique can directly be applied to water with different conditions without recalibration. This sensor is able to measure absolute levels of water with 0.2 cm resolution over 30 cm range. In addition, it is also sensitive enough to trace the variability of water level. A flood monitoring simulation is carried out in wave flume where this sensor is used to detect the rising wave.

A self-calibration water level measurement using an interdigital capacitive sensor

Part I: General Principles 1. The general measurement system. 2. Static characteristics of measurement system elements. 3. The accuracy of measurement systems in the steady state. 4. Dynamic characteristics of measurement systems. 5. Loading effects and two port networks. 6. Signals and noise in measurement systems. 7. Reliability, choice and economics of measurement systems. Part II: Typical Measurement System elements. 8. Sensing elements. 9. Signal conditioning elements. 10. Signal processing elements. 11. Data presentation elements. Part III: Speciaised Measurement Systems 12. Flow measurement systems. 13. Intrinsically safe measurement systems. 14. Heat transfer effects in measurement systems. 15. Optical measurement systems. 16. Ultrasonic measurement systems. 17. Gas chromatography. 18. Data acquisition. Answers to numerical problems. Index.

John P Bentley

Papers

Principles of measurement systems