2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC.

https://caltcm.memberclicks.net/assets/documents/acc_aha_chf_2013_guidelines.pdf

2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines

ACC/AHA
: American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association
ACCF/AHA
: American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association
ACE
: angiotensin-converting enzyme
ACEI
: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor
ACS
: acute coronary syndrome
AF
: atrial fibrillation

/pdf/2016-esc-guidelines-for-the-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-acute-z18hg30pp1.pdf

2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure

/pdf/2016-esc-guidelines-for-the-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-acute-53v7yllhiz.pdf

Authors/Task Force Members: John J.V. McMurray (Chairperson) (UK)*, Stamatis Adamopoulos (Greece), Stefan D. Anker (Germany), Angelo Auricchio (Switzerland), Michael Böhm (Germany), Kenneth Dickstein (Norway), Volkmar Falk (Switzerland), Gerasimos Filippatos (Greece), Cândida Fonseca (Portugal), Miguel Angel Gomez-Sanchez (Spain), Tiny Jaarsma (Sweden), Lars Køber (Denmark), Gregory Y.H. Lip (UK), Aldo Pietro Maggioni (Italy), Alexander Parkhomenko (Ukraine), Burkert M. Pieske (Austria), Bogdan A. Popescu (Romania), Per K. Rønnevik (Norway), Frans H. Rutten (The Netherlands), Juerg Schwitter (Switzerland), Petar Seferovic (Serbia), Janina Stepinska (Poland), Pedro T. Trindade (Switzerland), Adriaan A. Voors (The Netherlands), Faiez Zannad (France), Andreas Zeiher (Germany).

ESC Guidelines for the Diagnosis And Treatment of Acute And Chronic Heart Failure 2008

After a patient survives a myocardial infarction (MI), his or her risk of death from nonarrhythmic and arrhythmic cardiac causes averages 5%–10% per year. Sudden cardiac death accounts for about half of these deaths. The highest risk is in patients with the largest infarction (lowest ejection fractions) and is increased further in patients with concomitant ventricular arrhythmias, latent ischemia, and other noninvasive risk stratifiers such as an abnormal signal average electrocardiogram (SAECG), decreased heart rate variability, abnormal reflex baroreceptor sensitivity, or the presence of repolarization alternans [1]. Although a single positive test may predict future events in 15%–30% of patients, even the addition of several positive tests is only predictive in 30%–40% of patients. Given this group’s enhanced risk of reinfarction and sudden death, with less than a 20% survival probability if an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest should occur, prophylactic therapies have been studied as a primary preventative strategy in post-MI patients.

John P. Boehmer

Papers

Drug Prevention of Sudden Death after Myocardial Infarction: Role of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

HFSA 2006 Comprehensive Heart Failure Practice Guideline HFSA 2006 Comprehensive Heart Failure Practice Guideline