Introduction Retained primitive reflexes can disturb natural development and involve difficulties in social and educational children's life. They can also impact on psychomotor development. Mature responses in a child's psychomotor progress can only occur if the central nervous system itself has reached maturity. The process consist the transition made from brain stem reflex response to cortically controlled response. This study define the occurrence of primitive reflexes in healthy 4-6 years old children and analyze the impact of survived primitive reflexes on psychomotor development. Material and methods The study involved 35 participants aged 4-6 years healthy preschool children. The study tools were: primitive reflexes tests by Sally Goddard for children and Motor Proficiency - Test (MOT 4-6 test) in 18 tasks. Results Over a half (65%) preschool children had survived the primitive reflexes on the residual level. Eleven percent of them had no retained primitive reflexes. According to the psychomotor ability, 9% of the children were in the category of "altered development", 29% in "delayed development", 59% in "normal" and 3% in "very good development". The greater the severity of the reflex, the motor efficiency was lower (p < 0.05). Conclusions It seems reasonable to introduce reflexes integration therapy in children's with low psychomotor skills. Primitive reflexes routinely tested, can contribute to improved early psychomotor development in children with needs, thus preventing many difficulties which children can encounter within their social and school life.

https://www.archivesofmedicalscience.com/pdf-61118-57746?filename=Persistence of primitive.pdf

Persistence of primitive reflexes and associated motor problems in healthy preschool children

Literature on the subject and clinical practice indicate that the improvement of an individual’s psychophysical functioning encourages multiplying and strengthening positive therapeutic effects. Approaches of Western and Eastern culture (selected aspects) have been included in deliberations on this issue. The purpose of this study was to adopt a multi-dimensional approach to improving functional efficiency through optimizing locomotion in the comprehensive treatment of the patient. The paper is the authors cognitive analysis based on the literature on the subject, including each author’s own approach to clinical practice located at the interface of medicine, physiotherapy and psychology. Optimal functioning improvement considering the individual context of each patient is a common objective of the interdisciplinary therapeutic interaction. Obtaining maximum effectiveness in therapy is associated with enormous effort, complex skills, predisposition and other factors, which are the subject of growing scientific knowledge.

https://www.termedia.pl/Journal/-67/pdf-27957-10?filename=Optimization of quality - Ortenburger.pdf

Optimization of quality of functional improvement – aspects of psychomedical treatment

The prevalence of lateral curvatures of the spine ranges from 0.3% to 15.3% in the general population. The aim of the study was to develop and compare three different screening tests for idiopathic scoliosis (IS) with respect to their effectiveness and costs.The Delphi method was used to assess the efficacy of each screening algorithm in detecting IS in the population. An economic analysis was also performed.Diagnostic Algorithm 1 for IS comprised a screening examination performed by nurses and a general practitioner (GP) with verification by specialists. The unit cost of carrying out diagnostic work-up for IS in Algorithm 1 was €94 per child. The second algorithm involved the use of the moire computer method, followed by verification by a specialist. The lower unit cost of €86 per child of diagnostic work-up according to Algorithm 2 was due to fewer stages compared to Algorithm 1. The highest effectiveness with the highest costs were found for the third algorithm, with only one stage, a specialist's consultation (cost €153 per child).The number of stages in an algorithm does not correlate positively with its efficacy or cost. The recommended scheme is Algorithm 3, where children are examined by rehabilitation specialists or a physiotherapist using a scoliometer and an inclinometer. The use of the apparently most expensive scheme (Algorithm 3) should result in lowering the costs of treatment of established idiopathic scoliosis and, in the long term, prove to be the most cost-effective solution for the health care system.

/pdf/early-detection-of-idiopathic-scoliosis-analysis-of-three-4u13sz9n8y.pdf

Early detection of idiopathic scoliosis – analysis of three screening models

A study was performed on 2,175 individuals between the ages of 3.2 and 22.04 years diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and drawn from 89 separate locations across the United States in satellite clinics with common practices and common staff training and equipment. The objective was to determine the efficacy of a hemispheric-based training program to reduce extant retained primitive reflexes (RPRs) and examine the relationship to motor function by metronome-based motor, DL and cognitive tasks measured by subtests of the Wechsler Wide Range Achievement Test. After a twelve-week program, RPRs were significantly reduced, as well as performance on all motor and cognitive measures significantly increased. Listening comprehension demonstrated significant increases between pre- and post testing of 7% (W = 1213000; df, 2094; p<0.0001) and mathematical problem solving revealed significant increase of 5% (W = 1331500; df, 2091; p<0.0001) associated with significant reduction in primitive reflexes. The study concluded that the incorporation of relatively simple hemispheric-based programming within the educational system worldwide could relatively inexpensively increase academic, cognitive and motor performance.

/pdf/persistent-childhood-primitive-reflex-reduction-effects-on-358cb5quaq.pdf

Persistent Childhood Primitive Reflex Reduction Effects on Cognitive, Sensorimotor, and Academic Performance in ADHD.

Background Developmental dysplasia of the hip joint is one of the most common congenital defects and often results in functional and structural disorders. Such cases particularly demand optimizing therapeutic effects and maximally reducing the duration of therapy. Purpose The aim of this case report is to present the therapeutic process in a child with developmental hip dysplasia. Case report This is a case report of a female child with a birth weight of 2,800 g and an Apgar score of 9 points born to a gravida 3 para 3 mother at 37 weeks. The child was delivered by cesarean section, and the pregnancy was complicated by oligohydramnios. Subluxation of the left hip joint was diagnosed by an orthopedist in the third month of life. The treatment followed was the Vojta method (the first phase of reflex turning and reflex crawling). Results During the 6 weeks of the Vojta treatment, the left half of the femoral head was centralized, and the process of formation of the hip joint acetabulum was influenced effectively enough to change the acetabulum's Graff type from the baseline D to IIb after 41 days of treatment. Conclusion The diagnostic work-up of congenital hip joint dysplasia should involve a physiotherapist who will investigate the child's neuromuscular coordination, in addition to a neonatologist and a pediatrician. The therapy for a disorder of hip joint development of neuromotor origin should involve the application of global patterns according to Vojta. Children with congenital dysplasia of the hip joint should commence rehabilitation as early as possible.

/pdf/vojta-method-in-the-treatment-of-developmental-hip-dysplasia-55xsjesckj.pdf

Vojta method in the treatment of developmental hip dysplasia – a case report

Introduction
Central nervous system damage in early life results in both quantitative and qualitative abnormalities of psychomotor development. Late sequelae of these disturbances may include visual perception disorders which not only affect the ability to read and write but also generally influence the child's intellectual development. This study sought to determine whether a central coordination disorder (CCD) in early life treated according to Vojta's method with elements of the sensory integration (S-I) and neuro-developmental treatment (NDT)/Bobath approaches affects development of visual perception later in life.

/pdf/assessment-of-visual-perception-in-adolescents-with-a-10svzpvarp.pdf

Assessment of visual perception in adolescents with a history of central coordination disorder in early life - 15-year follow-up study.

BACKGROUND\nEvidence for the efficacy of therapeutic methods and procedures is being sought in accordance with the principles of Evidence Based Medicine. The choice of a physiotherapy method should be based on its documented efficacy. The purpose of the investigation was to analyse changes in functional disorders of resting muscle tone following neuromobilization treatment in patients with chronic low back pain.\n\n\nMATERIAL AND METHODS\nThe study involved 108 outpatients treated due to low back pain and neurogenic functional pain referred to the lower extremity. The treated group was subjected to two weeks of neuromobilization-based physiotherapy. The control group received standard physiotherapy, also over two weeks.\n\n\nRESULTS\nThe treated group demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in muscle tone in all muscles examined, clinical improvements (Laseque test and Bragard test results), decreased pain threshold estimated with a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). In the control group, the only statistically significant change was a decrease in gastrocnemius muscle tone.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\n1. The results of the examinations appear to suggest that evaluation of resting muscle tone can be used to provide an objective assessment of the analgesic efficacy of physiotherapy, including neuromobilization. 2. In the treated group, neuromobilization therapy was superior to standard physiotherapy as regards eliminating or decreasing elevated resting muscle tone in response to pain in patients with low back pain. 3. Neuromobilization produced a significant improvement in clinical test results and clinical symptoms in the treated group as opposed to the control group, which demonstrates the efficacy of this therapy. 4. The results of the examinations show that tibialis anterior sEMG had the biggest diagnostic value for detecting changes in pain severity.

Jolanta Kujawa

Papers

Assessment of visual perception in adolescents with a history of central coordination disorder in early life - 15-year follow-up study.

Electromyographic and Clinical Evaluation of the Efficacy of Neuromobilization in Patients with Low Back Pain