A communication infrastructure is an essential part to the success of the emerging smart grid. A scalable and pervasive communication infrastructure is crucial in both construction and operation of a smart grid. In this paper, we present the background and motivation of communication infrastructures in smart grid systems. We also summarize major requirements that smart grid communications must meet. From the experience of several industrial trials on smart grid with communication infrastructures, we expect that the traditional carbon fuel based power plants can cooperate with emerging distributed renewable energy such as wind, solar, etc, to reduce the carbon fuel consumption and consequent green house gas such as carbon dioxide emission. The consumers can minimize their expense on energy by adjusting their intelligent home appliance operations to avoid the peak hours and utilize the renewable energy instead. We further explore the challenges for a communication infrastructure as the part of a complex smart grid system. Since a smart grid system might have over millions of consumers and devices, the demand of its reliability and security is extremely critical. Through a communication infrastructure, a smart grid can improve power reliability and quality to eliminate electricity blackout. Security is a challenging issue since the on-going smart grid systems facing increasing vulnerabilities as more and more automation, remote monitoring/controlling and supervision entities are interconnected.

https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1315&context=electricalengineeringfacpub

A Survey on Smart Grid CommunicationInfrastructures: Motivations, Requirements andChallenges

Introduction to the practice of statistics, (3rd edition), by David S. Moore and George P. McCabe. Pp. 825 (with appendices and CD-ROM). £27.95. 1999. ISBN 0 7167 3502 4 (W. H. Freeman).

https://www.eecs.ucf.edu/~turgut/Research/Publications/Download/Boukerche-2011-ComputerNetworks.pdf

Survey Paper: Routing protocols in ad hoc networks: A survey

Since falls are a major public health problem among older people, the number of systems aimed at detecting them has increased dramatically over recent years. This work presents an extensive literature review of fall detection systems, including comparisons among various kinds of studies. It aims to serve as a reference for both clinicians and biomedical engineers planning or conducting field investigations. Challenges, issues and trends in fall detection have been identified after the reviewing work. The number of studies using context-aware techniques is still increasing but there is a new trend towards the integration of fall detection into smartphones as well as the use of machine learning methods in the detection algorithm. We have also identified challenges regarding performance under real-life conditions, usability, and user acceptance as well as issues related to power consumption, real-time operations, sensing limitations, privacy and record of real-life falls.

/pdf/challenges-issues-and-trends-in-fall-detection-systems-2s75b5dfqs.pdf

Challenges, issues and trends in fall detection systems

It represents a universally applicable attitude and skill set everyone, not just computer scientists, would be eager to learn and use.

/pdf/computational-thinking-ji-suan-lun-de-si-kao-3qvv34ha3s.pdf

Computational Thinking 計算論的思考

As the explosive growth of the ISM band usage continues, there are many scenarios where different systems operate in the same place at the same time. One of growing concerns is the coexistence of wireless systems [18]. For the successful deployment of mission-critical systems such as wireless sensor networks, it is required to provide a solution for the coexistence. In this paper, we propose a new scheme using multiple radio channels for the coexistence of 802.15.4 LRWPAN and 802.11b WLAN. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, measurement and simulation study are conducted. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme is effective in performance improvement for multi-hop largescale network of 802.15.4. Keywords-component; coexistence; interference; ISM band; 802.15.4; 802.11b

Adaptive radio channel allocation for supporting coexistence of 802.15.4 and 802.11b

Error modeling for an untethered ultra-wideband system for construction indoor asset tracking

As we grow old, our desire for independence does not diminish; yet our health increasingly needs to be monitored. Injuries such as falling can be a serious problem for the elderly. If a person falls and is not able to get assistance within an hour, casualties arising from that fall can result in fatalities as early as 6 months later [1]. It would seem then that a choice between safety and independence must be made. Fortunately, as health care technology advances, simple devices can be made to detect or even predict falls in the elderly, which could easily save lives without too much intrusion on their independence. Much research has been done on the topic of fall detection and fall prediction. Some have attempted to detect falls using a variety of sensors such as: cameras, accelerometers, gyroscopes, microphones, or a combination of the like. This paper is aimed at reporting which existing methods have been found effective by others, as well as documenting the findings of our own experiments. The combination of which will assist in the progression towards a safe, unobtrusive monitoring system for independent seniors.

Survey and evaluation of real-time fall detection approaches

Due to the explosive growth in the number of users who rely on their phones and tablets for more and more of their daily interactions, protecting user's private information in mobile devices is extremely important in these days. To address the limitations of conventional authentication methods such as PIN or password-based security schemes, there has been a growing interest in developing authentication methods based on characteristic biometric features such as fingerprint, iris, face, voice, and gait. In particular, much attention has been devoted to the use of human gait patterns as a biometric due to its unobtrusive nature. In this paper, we propose six new gait signature metrics to represent characteristics of the gait of a user. These new metrics derive from the rate of changes of acceleration data (jerk). They consist of two parts: dynamic and static portions. We identified that the dynamic part clearly illustrates the characteristic of body movement from walking. After storing all users' reference gait metrics in the mobile device, the system applies a k-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm to find out the best match of the current gait signature metrics from the list of reference gait metrics. To validate the usefulness of the proposed metrics, we conducted a number of experiments and measured the accuracy of the gait signature authentication system. The results of our experimental study show that the proposed metrics are quite effective and the system can identify or authenticate individuals.

Biometric gait recognition based on wireless acceleration sensor using k-nearest neighbor classification

In this paper, we propose energy efficient schemes for data dissemination in sensor networks. Our schemes are based on a hierarchical data dissemination model. The hierarchical data dissemination scheme (HDDS) leverages the fact that a nonuniform grid can be constructed to disseminate data based on sink density without any prior information about the position of the sinks. This approach seems to be promising as preliminary experimental results show that an average energy savings of 10-30% can be achieved using our schemes. Even with large number of sources and sinks, the schemes scale well yielding high throughput.. Experimental results show FDDD is suitable for applications which require higher throughput and minimum latency; fully distinct data dissemination for networks with limited energy consumption but can withstand some delay and loss of data, and limited sharing data dissemination is suitable for applications with large number of sources and sinks and average energy consumption and delay.

Jong-Hoon Youn

Papers

Adaptive radio channel allocation for supporting coexistence of 802.15.4 and 802.11b

Error modeling for an untethered ultra-wideband system for construction indoor asset tracking

Survey and evaluation of real-time fall detection approaches

Biometric gait recognition based on wireless acceleration sensor using k-nearest neighbor classification

Hierarchical data dissemination scheme for large scale sensor networks