Caesarean section rates are inexorably rising which has led to the possibility of negative impact on m aternal and neonatal health. Present study was aimed to compare the factors associated with caesarean and vaginal births among pregnant women. A retrospective study was con ducted in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, Pu njab Institute of Medical Sciences, Jalandhar (Punjab, Iduring the period of April, 2012 to June, 201 2. Details of age group, parity, socioeconomic status, antenatal booking, mode of delivery, obstetric complications, gestational age at delivery, maternal and neonatal outcomes wer e explored. The prevalence of Caesarean Sections (6 5%) was higher over vaginal births (35%). It had higher num ber of Emergency (52.31%) over Elective (47.70%) ca esarean sections. Multiparity (55.38%; p<0.05), high socioe conomic status (18.46%), 21 to 30 yrs of age group (78.46%) and booked status (44.62%) were associated with Cae sarean Sections while primiparity (65.71%) and low socioeconomic status (22.86%) with vaginal births. The commonest reasons for Caesarean Sections were F etal Distress (30.77%) and Repeat Caesarean Sections (29.23%). Ca esarean sections rate is high. High number of referred patients who underwent Emergency sections was the main reason. Trial of vaginal birth after C aesarean Section in approximate cases and confirmation of su spected fetal distress through fetal blood acid bas e study are recommended.

/pdf/available-online-a-t-www-pelagiaresearchlibrary-com-29z9znpv0y.pdf

Available online a t www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com

The purpose of this paper is to prove some common xed point theorems in metric and 2-metric spaces for two pairs of weakly compatible mappings satisfying an implicit relation which unify and generalize most of the existing relevant xed point theorems. As an application of our main result, a Bryant type xed point theorem is also derived besides furnishing two illustra- tive examples.

/pdf/using-implicit-relations-to-prove-unified-fixed-point-2yokbk6f9r.pdf

Using implicit relations to prove unified fixed point theorems in metric and 2-metric spaces.

The purpose of this paper is to establish common fixed point theorems for set-valued mappings between 2-metric spaces. Generalizations of some definitions in 2-metric spaces and theorems by Ahmed [Ahmed MA. Common fixed point theorems for weakly compatible mappings. Rocky Mt J Math 2003;33 (4):1189–203.], generalized of Fisher [Fisher B. Common fixed points of mappings and set-valued mappings on a metric spaces. Kyungpook Math J 1985;25:35–42.] in 2-metric spaces.

/pdf/new-types-of-common-fixed-point-theorems-in-2-metric-spaces-4a6a3xlrnv.pdf

New types of common fixed point theorems in 2-metric spaces

In this paper, we prove common fixed point theorems for hybrid pairs of mappings satisfying an implicit relation in 2-metric spaces by using a new commutativity condition i.e. weak commutativity of type (KB). We also prove common fixed point theorem, of Gregus type for hybrid pairs of maps by using weak commutativity of type (KB) in 2-metric spaces. We extend, improve and generalize many known results. We also give examples to validate our results.

Common fixed point theorems for hybrid pairs of mappings with some weaker conditions in 2-metric spaces

In this paper we obtain common fixed point theorems under the Lipschitz type analogue of a strict contractive condition by using the notion of R weak commutativity of type (Ag). In the setting of our results, we use the property (E.A) introduced by Aamri and Moutawakil [1] and compare these with the results proved by using the notion of noncompatiblity introduced by Pant [4]. Simultaneously, we provide contractive condition which ensure the existence of a common fixed point; however, the mappings are discontinuous at the common fixed point. We, thus, provide one more answer to the problem of Rhoades [10]. Our theorems extend the results of Pant and Pant (Theorem 2.1 Pant [6]), Pant, R.P. [5, Theorem 2]), Pant Vyomesh [8] and Singh and Kumar [11].

(ε, δ) contractive condition and common fixed points

In this paper, first, we introduce the concept of weak compatible mappings of type (A) and compare these mappings with compatible mappings and compatible mappings of type (A) in 2-metric spaces. In the sequel, we derive some relations between these mappings. Secondly, we prove a coincidence point theorem and a fixed point theorem for weak compatible mappings of type (A) in 2-metric spaces.

Jong-Hwa Baek

Papers

Weak Compatible Mappings of Type (A) and Common Fixed Points