Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Selective Alkynylation of C−H Bonds

Porphyrin-based porous organic frameworks for the ultrasensitive electrochemical impedimetric aptasensing of oxytetracycline

Plants are sessile organisms that face environmental threats throughout their life cycle, but increasing global warming poses an even more existential threat. Despite these unfavorable circumstances, plants try to adapt by developing a variety of strategies coordinated by plant hormones, resulting in a stress-specific phenotype. In this context, ethylene and jasmonates (JAs) present a fascinating case of synergism and antagonism. Here, Ethylene Insensitive 3/Ethylene Insensitive-Like Protein1 (EIN3/EIL1) and Jasmonate-Zim Domain (JAZs)-MYC2 of the ethylene and JAs signaling pathways, respectively, appear to act as nodes connecting multiple networks to regulate stress responses, including secondary metabolites. Secondary metabolites are multifunctional organic compounds that play crucial roles in stress acclimation of plants. Plants that exhibit high plasticity in their secondary metabolism, which allows them to generate near-infinite chemical diversity through structural and chemical modifications, are likely to have a selective and adaptive advantage, especially in the face of climate change challenges. In contrast, domestication of crop plants has resulted in change or even loss in diversity of phytochemicals, making them significantly more vulnerable to environmental stresses over time. For this reason, there is a need to advance our understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which plant hormones and secondary metabolites respond to abiotic stress. This knowledge may help to improve the adaptability and resilience of plants to changing climatic conditions without compromising yield and productivity. Our aim in this review was to provide a detailed overview of abiotic stress responses mediated by ethylene and JAs and their impact on secondary metabolites.

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Ethylene and Jasmonates Signaling Network Mediating Secondary Metabolites under Abiotic Stress

Synthesis of crown ether-based microporous organic networks: A new type of efficient adsorbents for chlorophenols

As a widely used optical additive, optical brightener has a potential risk of dust explosion during production and utilization, which limits its further application. In this paper, the pyrolysis process and explosion characteristics of universal optical brightener OBA-184 dust were studied, and the inhibition effects of NH 4 H 2 PO 4 , NaHCO 3 , and aerosil (nano-silica) were compared using the Hartmann tube and the 20-L spherical explosion system. The results illustrate that OBA-184 dust is a substance with huge heat of decomposition. All three extinguishing agents can effectively moderate the ignition sensitivity and explosion severity. Among them, NH 4 H 2 PO 4 has the best efficiency in suppressing explosion severity due to its excellent chemical inhibition effect. The complete inert ratio of NH 4 H 2 PO 4 was about 60% lower than that of NaHCO 3 , while aerosil can not completely inert the OBA-184 dust at the inert ratio in the range studied. NaHCO 3 can significantly reduce the ignition sensitivity of OBA-184 dust, and adding 60% NaHCO 3 can reduce the dust to a low sensitivity level. Inerting is accomplished due to its low decomposition temperature and violent heat absorption rate; Aerosil is less effective than NH 4 H 2 PO 4 and NaHCO 3 , which attributes to its poor physical heat absorption and weak chemical inhibition ability. The results of this paper provide a theoretical and practical basis for dust explosion prevention and control in the optical brightener industry. • The explosion characteristics of Optical Brightening Agent 184 (OBA-184) were measured. • The combustible gas of OBA-184 pyrolysis was identified by TG-FTIR. • All three extinguishing agents can effectively moderate OBA-184 dust explosions. • The physical and chemical inhibition effects of three extinguishing agents were systematically compared. 

Effects of fire extinguishing agents on pyrolysis and explosion characteristics of optical brightener dust

This work shows that hollow microporous organic polymer (H-MOP-A) with activated internal alkynes as IR probes can be prepared by template synthesis based on acyl Sonogashira-Hagihara coupling at room temperature. The H-MOP-A is a versatile platform in the main chain PSM based on nonradical thiol-yne click reaction. Moreover, an IR peak of internal alkynes in the H-MOP-A is very intense and could be utilized in the monitoring of thiol-yne click-based main chain PSM. The functionalized H-MOP-A with carboxylic acids (H-MOP-CA) showed efficient adsorption toward Ag + ions. The resultant H-MOP-CA-Ag showed excellent performance in the CO 2 fixation to α-alkylidene cyclic compounds.

Room-Temperature Synthesis of a Hollow Microporous Organic Polymer Bearing Activated Alkyne IR Probes for Nonradical Thiol-yne Click-Based Post-Functionalization.

Glucosinolates and Biotic Stress Tolerance in Brassicaceae with Emphasis on Cabbage: A Review

Clubroot is a soil-borne disease of cruciferous crops, including Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis, and causes substantial yield losses. In an attempt to develop clubroot-resistant B. rapa cultivars, we investigated the role of a root-abundant expansin-like B1 (EXLB1) during Plasmodiophora brassicae inoculation. The histochemical analyses of infected transgenic reporter lines showed a role for BrEXLB1 in disease response as early as 3 dpi. The transgenic overexpression of EXLB1 in B. rapa conferred disease-sensitive phenotypes and was comparable to non-transgenic controls at 30 dpi. In contrast, the heterogeneous population of antisense BrEXLB1-overexpressing lines conferred disease resistance against highly pathogenic P. brassicae race 2 inoculations under greenhouse conditions. Additionally, we profiled the relative expression of 32 other BrEXPs in wild-type seedlings, sampled on different days (1–10) after inoculation using qRT-PCR. The results indicate that the expression pattern of most BrEXP genes was significantly altered during different infection times, suggesting their participation in clubroot responses. In particular, the expressions of EXPA20, EXPA21, and EXPA34 were consistently downregulated, while the expression of EXPA5 was upregulated (log2FC ≥ 2) compared to controls. Altogether, our study showed that BrEXPs participate in clubroot disease response, and their genetic manipulation is likely to provide clubroot disease resistance.

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Plasmodiophora brassicae Infection Modulates Expansin Genes of Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis

The reproductive stage of cotton (Gossypium sp.) is highly sensitive to waterlogging. The identification of potential elite upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) cultivar(s) having higher waterlogging tolerance is crucial to expanding cotton cultivation in the low-lying areas. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of waterlogging on the reproductive development of four elite upland cotton cultivars, namely, Rupali-1, CB-12, CB-13, and DM-3, against four waterlogging durations (e.g., 0, 3, 6, and 9-day). Waterlogging stress significantly impacted morpho-physiological, biochemical, and yield attributes of cotton. Two cotton cultivars, e.g., CB-12 and Rupali-1, showed the lowest reduction in plant height (6 and 9%, respectively) and boll weight (8 and 5%, respectively) at the highest waterlogging duration of 9 days. Physiological and biochemical data revealed that higher leaf chlorophyll, proline, and relative water contents, and lower malondialdehyde contents, particularly in CB-12 and Rupali-1, were positively correlated with yield. Notably, CB-12 and Rupali-1 had higher seed cotton weight (90.34 and 83.10 g, respectively), lint weight (40.12 and 39.32 g, respectively), and seed weight (49.47 and 43.78 g, respectively) per plant than CB-13 and DM-3 in response to the highest duration of waterlogging of 9 days. Moreover, extensive multivariate analyses like Spearman correlation and the principle component analysis revealed that CB-12 and Rupali-1 had greater coefficients in yield and physiological attributes at 9-day waterlogging, whereas CB-13 and DM-3 were sensitive cultivars in response to the same levels of waterlogging. Thus, CB-12 and Rupali-1 might be well adapted to the low-lying waterlogging-prone areas for high and sustained yield.

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Effect of Reproductive Stage-Waterlogging on the Growth and Yield of Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

Brassica Rapa Expansin Genes Differentially Respond to Clubroot Pathogens and Suppression of Root-Abundant Brexlb1 Improves Host Resistance to Plasmodiophora Brassicae Race 2

Jong In Park

Papers

Room-Temperature Synthesis of a Hollow Microporous Organic Polymer Bearing Activated Alkyne IR Probes for Nonradical Thiol-yne Click-Based Post-Functionalization.

Glucosinolates and Biotic Stress Tolerance in Brassicaceae with Emphasis on Cabbage: A Review

Plasmodiophora brassicae Infection Modulates Expansin Genes of Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis

Effect of Reproductive Stage-Waterlogging on the Growth and Yield of Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

Brassica Rapa Expansin Genes Differentially Respond to Clubroot Pathogens and Suppression of Root-Abundant Brexlb1 Improves Host Resistance to Plasmodiophora Brassicae Race 2