https://www.hse.ru/data/2011/09/14/1266804112/Jahangirian%20et%20al..pdf

Simulation in manufacturing and business: A review

Modeling and simulation play increasingly important roles in modern life. They contribute to our understanding of how things function and are essential to the effective and efficient design, evaluation, and operation of new products and systems. Modeling and simulation results provide vital information for decisions and actions in many areas of business and government. Verification and validation (V&V) are processes that help to ensure that models and simulations are correct and reliable. Although significant advances in V&V have occurred in the past 15 years, significant challenges remain that impede the full potential of modeling and simulation made possible by advances in computers and software. This article identifies major modeling and simulation V&V challenges and indicates how they are being addressed.

Modeling and simulation verification and validation challenges

This paper reports on the progress made toward the emergence of standards to support the integration of heterogeneous discrete-event simulations (DESs) created in specialist support tools called commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) discrete-event simulation packages (CSPs). The general standard for heterogeneous integration in this area has been developed from research in distributed simulation and is the IEEE 1516 standard The High Level Architecture (HLA). However, the specific needs of heterogeneous CSP integration require that the HLA is augmented by additional complementary standards. These are the suite of CSP interoperability (CSPI) standards being developed under the Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization (SISO-http://www.sisostds.org) by the CSPI Product Development Group (CSPI-PDG). The suite consists of several interoperability reference models (IRMs) that outline different integration needs of CSPI, interoperability frameworks (IFs) that define the HLA-based solution to each IRM, appropriate data exchange representations to specify the data exchanged in an IF, and benchmarks termed CSP emulators (CSPEs). This paper contributes to the development of the Type I IF that is intended to represent the HLA-based solution to the problem outlined by the Type I IRM (asynchronous entity passing) by developing the entity transfer specification (ETS) data exchange representation. The use of the ETS in an illustrative case study implemented using a prototype CSPE is shown. This case study also allows us to highlight the importance of event granularity and lookahead in the performance and development of the Type I IF, and to discuss possible methods to automate the capture of appropriate values of lookahead.

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Integrating heterogeneous distributed COTS discrete-event simulation packages: an emerging standards-based approach

We introduce the MoTif (Modular Timed graph transformation) language, which allows one to elegantly model complex control structures for programmed graph transformation. These include modular construction, parallel composition, and a temporal dimension in addition to the usual transformation control structures. The first part of this contribution formally introduces MoTif and its semantics is based on the Discrete EVent system Specification (DEVS) formalism which allows for highly modular, hierarchical modelling of timed, reactive systems. In MoTif, graphs are embedded in events and individual transformation rules are embedded in atomic DEVS models. A side effect of the use of DEVS is the introduction of an explicit notion of time. This allows one to model a time-advance for every rule as well as to interrupt (pre-empt) rule execution. In the second part, we design a case study to show how the explicit notion of time allows for the simulation-based design of reactive systems such as modern computer games. We use the well-known game of PacMan as an example and model its dynamics in MoTif. This also allows the modelling of player behaviour, incorporating data about human players' behaviour, and reaction times. Thus, a model of both player and game is obtained which can be used to evaluate, through simulation, the playability of a game design. We propose a playability performance measure and change the value of some parameters of the PacMan game. For each variant of the game thus obtained, simulation yields a value for the quality of the game. This allows us to choose an "optimal" (from a playability point of view) game configuration. The user model is subsequently replaced by a visual interface to a real player, and the game model is executed using a real-time DEVS simulator.

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A modular timed graph transformation language for simulation-based design

A modeling framework for urban traffic systems microscopic simulation

This article presents a hierarchical and modular traffic simulation environment for intelligent transportation systems (ITS).A conventional traffic simulation model is classified as microscopic or macroscopic; however, abstraction-level, vehicle-level, cell-level, road-level, and street-level traffic models can be coherently integrated and developed. Such an abstraction process is important for flexible traffic analysis since it reduces the complexity of a model, retaining its validity relative to the modeling objectives and experimental condition. To do this, the authors have proposed the four-layered approach: (1) system entity structure/model base, (2) model abstraction, (3) traffic modeling, and (4) ITS simulation systems layer.A proposed methodology has been successfully applied for building the advanced traveler information system and the advanced traffic management system.The abstraction method of a road network in traffic modeling and simulation will be widely used because it is possible to express and analyze various requirements of the traffic analyst hierarchically and structurally.

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Hierarchical Modeling and Simulation Environment for Intelligent Transportation Systems

This article focuses on the study of the modeling and simulation of an intelligent transportation system that uses discrete event system specification (DEVS)/high-level architecture (HLA), which is the methodology of hierarchical modular modeling and distributed simulation. The authors performed distributed homogeneous traffic simulation by extending an existing developed DEVS-based I3D2 transportation simulation system to an HLA-based distributed simulation environment. First, the suggested methodology gives an object-oriented and hierarchical modular modeling and simulation environment of traffic models that have complicated, dynamic features of the real world. Second, it provides easiness and extendibility of a distributed traffic simulation system design/development. Third, it offers the whole simulation time management method between distributed simulation objects through the HLA distribution standardization technique. Finally, it can offer an effective and hierarchical simulation analysis environmen...

DEVS/HLA-Based Modeling and Simulation for Intelligent Transportation Systems

This article applies the advanced symbolic Discrete Event System Specification (DEVS) simulation method to the optimal signal control problem with respect to intelligent transportation systems. The authors introduce a new approach that would generate optimal signal times based on the temporal sequence of traffic signal control variables and traffic information collected for each intersection using the symbolic DEVS simulation method, which can express nondeterministic time symbolically. The symbolic DEVS simulation method allows the authors to infer the relationship between time and every event that reaches the simulation goal by generating a time trajectory for every possible event automatically. This study suggests a new approach for optimal signal time calculation using symbolic DEVS simulation for traffic response signal control based on real-time traffic volumes; this study also verified its application in a case study.

http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0037549705052234

Using Symbolic DEVS Simulation to Generate Optimal Traffic Signal Timings

The objective of this paper is to design and develop the efficient decision support system for forest managers that would help them in their decision-making tasks during the forest fire. To do this, we have adopted the advanced simulation techniques as well as the genetic algorithm for generating the forest fire fighting strategy. The GIS database with 3-D graphics has been also employed for supporting the decision-making. In order to coherently represent the geographical, meteorological, and forest information as well as to generate the fire model and simulation trajectory of the fire spread, the cellular modeling approach has been proposed. Various resources and their organizations model for the fire fighting can be efficiently represented by using the rule-based system entity structure and each resource organizations can be directly evaluated by employing the simulation-based genetic algorithm. Several simulation tests performed on a sample forest area will demonstrate our techniques.

A Simulation-Based Decision Support System for Forest Fire Fighting

The major objective of this paper is to propose the automated cyber-attack scenario generation methodology based on the symbolic simulation environment. Information Assurance is to assure the reliability and availability of information by preventing from attack. Cyber-attack simulation is one of noticeable methods for analyzing vulnerabilities in the information assurance field, which requires variety of attack scenarios. To do this, we have adopted the symbolic simulation that has extended a conventional numeric simulation. This study can 1) not only generate conventional cyber-attack scenarios but 2) generate cyber-attack scenarios still unknown, and 3) be applied to establish the appropriate defense strategies by analyzing generated cyber-attack. Simulation test performed on sample network system will illustrate our techniques.

Jong-Keun Lee

Papers

Hierarchical Modeling and Simulation Environment for Intelligent Transportation Systems

DEVS/HLA-Based Modeling and Simulation for Intelligent Transportation Systems

Using Symbolic DEVS Simulation to Generate Optimal Traffic Signal Timings

A Simulation-Based Decision Support System for Forest Fire Fighting

Automated cyber-attack scenario generation using the symbolic simulation