We propose new generic key recovery attacks on Feistel-type block ciphers. The proposed attack is based on the all subkeys recovery approach presented in SAC 2012, which determines all subkeys instead of the master key. This enables us to construct a key recovery attack without taking into account a key scheduling function. With our advanced techniques, we apply several key recovery attacks to Feistel-type block ciphers. For instance, we show 8-, 9- and 11-round key recovery attacks on n-bit Feistel ciphers with 2n-bit key employing random keyed F-functions, random F-functions, and SP-type F-functions, respectively. Moreover, thanks to the meet-in-the-middle approach, our attack leads to low-data complexity. To demonstrate the usefulness of our approach, we show a key recovery attack on the 8-round reduced CAST-128, which is the best attack with respect to the number of attacked rounds. Since our approach derives the lower bounds on the numbers of rounds to be secure under the single secret key setting, it can be considered that we unveil the limitation of designing an efficient block cipher by a Feistel scheme such as a low-latency cipher.

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Generic Key Recovery Attack on Feistel Scheme

Camellia is one of the widely used block ciphers, which has been selected as an international standard by ISO/IEC. In this paper, by exploiting some interesting properties of the key-dependent layer, we improve previous results on impossible differential cryptanalysis of reduced-round Camellia and gain some new observations. First, we introduce some new 7-round impossible differentials of Camellia for weak keys. These weak keys that work for the impossible differential take 3/4 of the whole key space, therefore, we further get rid of the weak-key assumption and leverage the attacks on reduced-round Camellia to all keys by utilizing the multiplied method. Second, we build a set of differentials which contains at least one 8-round impossible differential of Camellia with two FL/FL−1 layers. Following this new result, we show that the key-dependent transformations inserted in Camellia cannot resist impossible differential cryptanalysis effectively. Based on this set of differentials, we present a new cryptanalytic strategy to mount impossible differential attacks on reduced-round Camellia.

/pdf/new-observations-on-impossible-differential-cryptanalysis-of-of959k5vui.pdf

New observations on impossible differential cryptanalysis of reduced-round camellia

A fully homomorphic encryption scheme enables computation of arbitrary functions on encrypted data. Fully homomorphic encryption has long been regarded as cryptography’s prized “holy grail” – extremely useful yet rather elusive. Starting with the groundbreaking work of Gentry in 2009, the last three years have witnessed numerous constructions of fully homomorphic encryption involving novel mathematical techniques, and a number of exciting applications. We will take the reader through a journey of these developments and provide a glimpse of the exciting research directions that lie ahead.

Progress in Cryptology - INDOCRYPT 2012

This paper revisits previous known-key distinguishers on generic Feistel-SP ciphers based on rebound attacks In this paper first we propose a new 5-round inbound phase that requires 2c computations, while the previous work requires 22c computations (c is a size of the S-box) The new method also improves the number of rounds which can be attacked Then, we apply the new procedure to Camellia After several optimizations for Camellia, it is shown that collisions are efficiently generated against 9 rounds out of 18 rounds of Camellia-128 including FL and whitening layers in the compression function modes such as MMO and Miyaguchi-Preneel modes The attack on Camellia is verified by a machine experiment and the generated results are presented in the paper

Improved known-key distinguishers on Feistel-SP ciphers and application to camellia

Camellia is one of the most worldwide used block ciphers, which has been selected as a standard by ISO/IEC. In this paper, we propose several new 7-round impossible differentials of Camellia with 2 FL/FL−1 layers, which turn out to be the first 7-round impossible differentials with 2 FL/FL−1 layers. Combined with some basic techniques including the early abort approach and the key schedule consideration, we achieve the impossible differential attacks on 11-round Camellia-128, 11-round Camellia-192, 12-round Camellia-192, and 14-round Camellia-256, and the time complexity are 2123.8, 2121.7, 2171.4 and 2238.3 respectively. As far as we know, these are the best results against the reduced-round variants of Camellia. Especially, we give the first attack on 11-round Camellia-128 reduced version with FL/FL−1 layers.

New impossible differential attacks on camellia

The Camellia block cipher has a 128-bit block length, a user key 128, 192 or 256 bits long and a total of 18 rounds for a 128-bit key and 24 rounds for a 192 or 256-bit key. It is a Japanese CRYPTREC-recommended e-government cipher, a European new European schemes for signatures, integrity and encryption (NESSIE) selected cipher and an ISO international standard. In this study, the authors describe a flaw in the approach used to choose plaintexts or ciphertexts in certain previously published square-like cryptanalytic results for Camellia and give two possible approaches to correct them. Finally, by taking advantage of the early abort technique and a few observations on the key schedule of Camellia, the authors present impossible differential attacks on 10-round Camellia with the FL/FL−1 functions under 128 key bits, 11-round Camellia with the FL/FL−1 functions under 192 key bits, 14-round Camellia without the FL/FL−1 functions under 192 key bits and 16-round Camellia without the FL/FL−1 functions under 256 key bits.

Jongsung Kim

Papers

Cryptanalysis of reduced versions of the Camellia block cipher