Showing papers by "Joop J. Hox published in 2018"
TL;DR: In a follow-up study as discussed by the authors, they added a new data set, covering the period 1998 -2015, and analyzed nonresponse data over time and countries, differentiated between voluntary and mandatory surveys.
Abstract: Household survey nonresponse is a matter of concern in many countries. In one of the first international trend analyses, de Leeuw and de Heer (2002) found that response rates declined over the years, and that countries differed in response rates and nonresponse trends. Their analyses cover longitudinal data on the Labour Force Survey from National Statistical Institutes for the period 1980 to 1997. We added a new data set, covering the period 1998 -2015, and analysed nonresponse data over time and countries. In these analyses we differentiated between voluntary and mandatory surveys. The trends visible in de Leeuw and de Heer (2002) continue with possibly a small deceleration in refusal rates.
41 citations
28 Sep 2018
TL;DR: In an optimal design for mixed‐mode surveys, be it within a country or across countries, there are three phases that need attention: the design phase, estimating the potential mode measurement effect due to different modes and adjusting for any such bias.
Abstract: In an optimal design for mixed‐mode surveys, be it within a country or across countries, there are three phases that need attention. The first phase is the design phase: it is important to prevent mode measurement effects when designing the study. A richer source of additional data will help to achieve a better estimation of mode effects. After the data are collected, the next two phases are estimating the potential mode measurement effect due to different modes and adjusting for any such bias. Survey modes differ on several dimensions, for instance, interviewer‐administered versus self‐administered questionnaires and information transmission and communication. The use of well‐established and validated constructs and multiquestion scales across countries and modes helps achieving measurement equivalence countries and modes. Mixed‐mode designs and mode changes are often implemented for sound methodological reasons. Using a mixed‐mode design implies a careful trade‐off among coverage, nonresponse, measurement errors, and cost.
10 citations
31 Jan 2018
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide the bootstrap method as a tool to evaluate the precision of multilevel estimates in situations with a small sample size at the group level, and provide an alternative for the estimation of standard errors.
Abstract: This chapter provides the bootstrap method as a tool to evaluate the precision of multilevel estimates in situations with a small sample size at the group level. Cross-cultural research often deals with hierarchical data structures, either due to the sampling procedure, or to characteristics of sampled units that are related to a grouping variable. In addition to the more traditional technique to deal with hierarchical or nested data, which is multilevel regression analysis, both multigroup structural equation models (SEM) and multilevel SEM are available to analyze such data. Multilevel SEM assumes that a given set of countries is a sample from a larger population. The bootstrap procedure is less dependent on the assumptions of the central limit theory and provides an alternative for the estimation of standard errors. In addition to generating bootstrapped standard errors, the bootstrap procedure can also generate other measures of accuracy, such as bias of estimates.
2 citations
20 Dec 2018
TL;DR: In a follow-up study as discussed by the authors, they added a new data set, covering the period 1998 to 2015, and analyzed nonresponse data over time and countries, differentiated between voluntary and mandatory surveys.
Abstract: Household survey nonresponse is a matter of concern in many countries. In one of the first international trend analyses, de Leeuw and de Heer (2002) found that response rates declined over the years, and that countries differed in response rates and nonresponse trends. Their analyses cover longitudinal data on the Labour Force Survey from National Statistical Institutes for the period 1980 to 1997. We added a new data set, covering the period 1998 to 2015, and analysed nonresponse data over time and countries. In these analyses we differentiated between voluntary and mandatory surveys. The trends visible in de Leeuw and de Heer (2002) continue with possibly a small deceleration in refusal rates.
1 citations