(1) Whereas the objectives of the Community, as laid down in the Treaty, as amended by the Treaty on European Union, include creating an ever closer union among the peoples of Europe, fostering closer relations between the States belonging to the Community, ensuring economic and social progress by common action to eliminate the barriers which divide Europe, encouraging the constant improvement of the living conditions of its peoples, preserving and strengthening peace and liberty and promoting democracy on the basis of the fundamental rights recognized in the constitution and laws of the Member States and in the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms;

Some Preliminary Comments on the DIRECTIVE 95/46/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 24 October 1995 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data.

Recently, the world witnessed a significant increase in the number of used drones, with a global and continuous rise in the demand for their multi-purpose applications. The pervasive aspect of these drones is due to their ability to answer people’s needs. Drones are providing users with a bird’s eye that can be activated and used almost anywhere and at any time. However, recently, the malicious use of drones began to emerge among criminals and cyber-criminals alike. The probability and frequency of these attacks are both high and their impact can be very dangerous with devastating effects. Therefore, the need for detective, protective and preventive counter-measures is highly required. The aim of this survey is to investigate the emerging threats of using drones in cyber-attacks, along the countermeasures to thwart these attacks. The different uses of drones for malicious purposes are also reviewed, along the possible detection methods. As such, this paper analyzes the exploitation of drones vulnerabilities within communication links, as well as smart devices and hardware, including smart-phones and tablets. Moreover, this paper presents a detailed review on the drone/Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) usage in multiple domains (i.e civilian, military, terrorism, etc.) and for different purposes. A realistic attack scenario is also presented, which details how the authors performed a simulated attack on a given drone following the hacking cycle. This review would greatly help ethical hackers to understand the existing vulnerabilities of UAVs in both military and civilian domains. Moreover, it allows them to adopt and come up with new techniques and technologies for enhanced UAV attack detection and protection. As a result, various civilian and military anti-drones/UAVs (detective and preventive) countermeasures will be reviewed.

Security analysis of drones systems: Attacks, limitations, and recommendations

Any online transaction that involves digital money is a bit of a challenge these days with the rising threats of hackers trying to steal bank details posted online. This leads to the invention of various kinds of crypto-currency, Bitcoin being one of them. The technology behind using the Bitcoin is popularly called as Blockchain. Blockchain is a digitized, de-centralized, public ledger of all crypto-currency transaction/s. Blockchain tries to create and share all the online transactions, stored in a distributed ledger, as a data structure on a network of computers. It validates the transactions using peer-to-peer network of computers. It allows users to make and verify transactions immediately without a central authority. Blockchain is a transaction database which contains information about all the transactions ever executed in the past and works on Bitcoin protocol. In this analysis paper we discussed what is Blockchain?, SWOT analysis of BC, Types of BC and how Blockchain works along with its advantages and disadvantages.

Analysis of Blockchain technology: pros, cons and SWOT

Blockchain Technology has received a lot of attention from both industry and academia due to its decentralized, persistency, anonymity and auditability properties. In this survey, use of Blockchain technology in wide applications area and its implementation challenges have been done. A rigorous search for journal/research article related to Blockchain technology have been reviewed. We have considered five databases to conduct this survey namely Sciencedirect, IEEE Xplore, Web of Science, ACM Digital Library and Inderscience are being used. After initial phase elimination 135 research articles are considered in final databases for the survey. Main focus of the survey is to provide a comprehensive analysis on wide applications of Blockchain technology for the academic research community. In this paper challenges in implementing of Blockchian and its associated security and privacy issues have been discussed. For the first time a survey of this type have been done where Blockchain with application and its associated security and privacy issue have been reviewed.

Blockchain technology: A survey on applications and security privacy Challenges

Recently, with the rapid development of information and communication technologies, the infrastructures, resources, end devices, and applications in communications and networking systems are becoming much more complex and heterogeneous. In addition, the large volume of data and massive end devices may bring serious security, privacy, services provisioning, and network management challenges. In order to achieve decentralized, secure, intelligent, and efficient network operation and management, the joint consideration of blockchain and machine learning (ML) may bring significant benefits and have attracted great interests from both academia and industry. On one hand, blockchain can significantly facilitate training data and ML model sharing, decentralized intelligence, security, privacy, and trusted decision-making of ML. On the other hand, ML will have significant impacts on the development of blockchain in communications and networking systems, including energy and resource efficiency, scalability, security, privacy, and intelligent smart contracts. However, some essential open issues and challenges that remain to be addressed before the widespread deployment of the integration of blockchain and ML, including resource management, data processing, scalable operation, and security issues. In this paper, we present a survey on the existing works for blockchain and ML technologies. We identify several important aspects of integrating blockchain and ML, including overview, benefits, and applications. Then we discuss some open issues, challenges, and broader perspectives that need to be addressed to jointly consider blockchain and ML for communications and networking systems.

Blockchain and Machine Learning for Communications and Networking Systems

The Internet of Things (IoT) brings together a multitude of technologies, with a vision of creating an interconnected world. This will benefit both corporations as well as the end-users. However, a plethora of security and privacy challengesneed to be addressed for the IoT to be fully realized. In thispaper, we identify and discuss the properties that constitutethe uniqueness of the IoT in terms of the upcoming securityand privacy challenges. Furthermore, we construct requirementsinduced by the aforementioned properties. We survey the fourmost dominant IoT architectures and analyze their securityand privacy components with respect to the requirements. Ouranalysis shows a mediocre coverage of security and privacyrequirements. Finally, through our survey we identify a number ofresearch gaps that constitute the steps ahead for future research.

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On the Security and Privacy of Internet of Things Architectures and Systems

Internet of Things (IoT) technology is rapidly gaining popularity, not only in industrial and commercial environments, but also in our personal life by means of smart devices at home. Such devices often interconnect with cloud services that promise easy usage and global access. However, managing the balance between trust in the service provider and need for privacy of individuals becomes a major challenge considering automatic exchange of manifold personal information. In this paper, we propose a formal model that establishes a relation between information, privacy, as well as trust, and that automatically maps between these terms while maintaining user control.

A view on privacy & trust in IoT

Trust Management (TM) systems for authentication are vital to the security of online interactions, which are ubiquitous in our everyday lives. Various systems, like the Web PKI (X.509) and PGP's Web of Trust are used to manage trust in this setting. In recent years, blockchain technology has been introduced as a panacea to our security problems, including that of authentication, without sufficient reasoning, as to its merits.In this work, we investigate the merits of using open distributed ledgers (ODLs), such as the one implemented by blockchain technology, for securing TM systems for authentication. We formally model such systems, and explore how blockchain can help mitigate attacks against them. After formal argumentation, we conclude that in the context of Trust Management for authentication, blockchain technology, and ODLs in general, can offer considerable advantages compared to previous approaches. Our analysis is, to the best of our knowledge, the first to formally model and argue about the security of TM systems for authentication, based on blockchain technology. To achieve this result, we first provide an abstract model for TM systems for authentication. Then, we show how this model can be conceptually encoded in a blockchain, by expressing it as a series of state transitions. As a next step, we examine five prevalent attacks on TM systems, and provide evidence that blockchain-based solutions can be beneficial to the security of such systems, by mitigating, or completely negating such attacks.

Beyond the Hype: On Using Blockchains in Trust Management for Authentication

This chapter provides an overview of big data storage technologies It is the result of a survey of the current state of the art in data storage technologies in order to create a cross-sectorial technology roadmap This chapter provides a concise overview of big data storage systems that are capable of dealing with high velocity, high volumes, and high varieties of data It describes distributed file systems, NoSQL databases, graph databases, and NewSQL databases The chapter investigates the challenge of storing data in a secure and privacy-preserving way The social and economic impact of big data storage technologies is described, open research challenges highlighted, and three selected case studies are provided from the health, finance, and energy sector Some of the key insights on big data storage are (1) in-memory databases and columnar databases typically outperform traditional relational database systems, (2) the major technical barrier to widespread up-take of big data storage solutions are missing standards, and (3) there is a need to address open research challenges related to the scalability and performance of graph databases

Jörg Daubert

Papers

On the Security and Privacy of Internet of Things Architectures and Systems

A view on privacy & trust in IoT

Beyond the Hype: On Using Blockchains in Trust Management for Authentication

Big Data Storage

Beyond the Hype: On Using Blockchains in Trust Management for Authentication