https://vascular.stanford.edu/content/dam/sm/vascular/documents/endovasc/guidelines/PIIS0741521406022968.pdf

Inter-Society Consensus for the Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease (TASC II)

The fourth report on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents

TOPICAL REVIEW: Applications of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine

Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease (Lower Extremity, Renal, Mesenteric, and Abdominal Aortic) A Collaborative Report from the American Association for Vascular Surgery/Society for Vascular Surgery,* Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society for Vascular Medicine and Biology, Society of Interventional Radiology, and the ACC/AHA Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease) Endorsed by the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; Society for Vascular Nursing; TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus; and Vascular Disease Foundation

/pdf/acc-aha-2005-practice-guidelines-for-the-management-of-4ltfid6e9i.pdf

ACC/AHA 2005 Practice Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease (Lower Extremity, Renal, Mesenteric, and Abdominal Aortic)

The physical principles underlying some current biomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticles are reviewed. Starting from well-known basic concepts, and drawing on examples from biology and biomedicine, the relevant physics of magnetic materials and their responses to applied magnetic fields are surveyed. The way these properties are controlled and used is illustrated with reference to (i) magnetic separation of labelled cells and other biological entities; (ii) therapeutic drug, gene and radionuclide delivery; (iii) radio frequency methods for the catabolism of tumours via hyperthermia; and (iv) contrast enhancement agents for magnetic resonance imaging applications. Future prospects are also discussed.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0022-3727/36/13/201/pdf

Applications of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine

Background—Based on the observation that ultrasmall superparamagnetic particles of iron oxides (USPIOs) are phagocytosed by cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system, the purpose of this study was to evaluate their use as a marker of atherosclerosis-associated inflammatory changes in the vessel wall before luminal narrowing is present. Methods and Results—Experiments were conducted on 6 heritable hyperlipidemic and 3 New Zealand White rabbits. 3D MR angiography (MRA) of the thoracic aorta was performed on all rabbits by use of a conventional paramagnetic contrast agent that failed to reveal any abnormalities. One week later, all rabbits except 1 of the hyperlipidemic animals were injected with a USPIO contrast agent (Sinerem, Guerbet) at a dose of 1 mmol Fe/kg. 3D MRA data sets collected over the subsequent 5 days showed increasing signal in the aortic lumen. Whereas the aortic wall of the control rabbits remained smooth and bright, marked susceptibility effects became evident on day 4 within the aortic ...

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Atherosclerotic Plaque With Ultrasmall Superparamagnetic Particles of Iron Oxide in Hyperlipidemic Rabbits

ContextDeciding on the appropriate therapy for patients with malignant diseases
mandates accurate tumor staging with whole-body coverage. Magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI) and a combined modality including positron emission tomography
(PET) and computed tomography (CT) provide whole-body tumor staging in a single
session.ObjectiveTo determine the staging accuracies of both whole-body PET/CT and whole-body
MRI for different malignant diseases.Design, Setting, and PatientsProspective, blinded, investigator-initiated study of 98 patients (mean
age, 58 years; range, 27-94 years) with various oncological diseases who underwent
back-to-back whole-body glucose analog [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose–PET/CT
and whole-body MRI for tumor staging. The study was conducted at a university
hospital from December 2001 through October 2002 and had a mean follow-up
of 273 days (range, 75-515 days). The images were evaluated by 2 different,
blinded reader teams. The diagnostic accuracies of the 2 imaging procedures
were compared.Main Outcome MeasuresCorrect classification of the primary tumor, regional lymph nodes, and
distant metastasis (overall TNM stage) using whole-body PET/CT and whole-body
MRI. Secondary outcome measures were accurate assessment of T-stage, N-stage,
and M-stage by the 2 imaging procedures.ResultsOf 98 patients, the overall TNM stage was correctly determined in 75
with PET/CT (77%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 67%-85%) and in 53 with MRI
(54%; 95% CI, 44%-64%) (P<.001). Compared with
MRI, PET/CT had a direct impact on patient management in 12 patients. Results
from MRI changed the therapy regimen in 2 patients compared with PET/CT. Separate
assessment of T-stage (with pathological verification) in 46 patients revealed
PET/CT to be accurate in 37 (80%; 95% CI, 66%-91%) and MRI to be accurate
in 24 (52%; 95% CI, 37%-67%) (P<.001). Of 98 patients,
N-stage was correctly determined in 91 patients with PET/CT (93%; 95% CI,
86%-97%) and in 77 patients with MRI (79%; 95% CI, 69%-86%) (P = .001). Both imaging procedures showed a similar performance in
detecting distant metastases.ConclusionsThe feasibility and diagnostic accuracy of the whole-body staging strategies
of PET/CT and MRI are established. Superior performance in overall TNM staging
suggests the use of [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose–PET/CT as a possible first-line
modality for whole-body tumor staging.

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/197894/JOC31756.pdf

Whole-body dual-modality PET/CT and whole-body MRI for tumor staging in oncology.

PURPOSE: To determine the accuracy of dual-modality positron emission tomographic (PET)–computed tomographic (CT) imaging, as compared with PET alone and CT alone, in the staging of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-seven patients with NSCLC underwent staging with combined fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET and CT. CT, PET, and coregistered PET/CT images were evaluated separately by two different physicians for each imaging modality, and disease stage was determined by using TNM and American Joint Committee on Cancer staging systems. Histopathologic results served as the reference standard. The statistical significance of differences among CT, PET, and PET/CT was determined by using the McNemar test. RESULTS: Overall tumor stage was correctly classified as 0–IV with CT in 19 patients, with PET in 20 patients, and with PET/CT in 26 patients. PET/CT findings when compared with PET findings led to a treatment change for four patients (15%) and when compared with CT findings le...

Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Dual-Modality PET/CT in Preoperative Staging

Purpose To assess the accuracy of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) when staging different malignant diseases. Patients and Methods This was a retrospective, blinded, investigator-initiated study of 260 patients with various oncological diseases who underwent fluorine-18–2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose PET/CT for tumor staging. CT images alone, PET images alone, PET + CT data viewed side by side, and fused PET/CT images were evaluated separately according to the tumor-node-metastasis system. One hundred forty patients with tumors not staged according to the tumor-node-metastasis system or a lack of reference standard were excluded from data analysis; 260 patients were included. Diagnostic accuracies were determined for each of the four image sets. Histopathology and a clinical follow-up of 311 (± 125) days served as standards of reference. Results PET/CT proved significantly more accurate in assessing tumor-node-metastasis system stage compared with CT alone, PET alone, and side-by-side...

Accuracy of whole-body dual-modality fluorine-18-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography and computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) for tumor staging in solid tumors: comparison with CT and PET.

PURPOSE: To measure the effective radiation doses delivered at electron-beam computed tomography (CT) and multi–detector row spiral CT of coronary arteries and to compare these doses with those delivered at catheter coronary angiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An anthropomorphic phantom equipped with 66 thermoluminescent dosimeters was imaged at cardiac CT. Four protocols for unenhanced coronary artery calcium scoring were simulated: one with electron-beam CT and three with multi–detector row CT. Four similar protocols for coronary CT angiography were simulated. All multi–detector row spiral CT protocols were performed with retrospective electrocardiographic triggering. Biplane catheter coronary angiography also was simulated. Radiation doses to organs were measured, and effective doses were calculated according to guidelines published in International Commission on Radiological Protection Publication 60. RESULTS: Coronary artery calcium scoring with electron-beam CT yielded effective radiation doses of 1...

Jörg F. Debatin

Papers

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Atherosclerotic Plaque With Ultrasmall Superparamagnetic Particles of Iron Oxide in Hyperlipidemic Rabbits

Whole-body dual-modality PET/CT and whole-body MRI for tumor staging in oncology.

Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Dual-Modality PET/CT in Preoperative Staging

Accuracy of whole-body dual-modality fluorine-18-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography and computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) for tumor staging in solid tumors: comparison with CT and PET.

Radiation exposure during cardiac CT: effective doses at multi-detector row CT and electron-beam CT.