This article traces the evolution of two types of immigrant rights—alien rights and the right to citizenship—across three polities (the United States, Germany, and the European Union). It argues that the sources of rights expansion are mostly legal and domestic: Rights expansion originates in independent and activist courts, which mobilize domestic law (especially constitutional law) and domestic legitimatory discourses, often against restriction-minded, democratically accountable governments. The legal-domestic hypothesis is qualified and differentiated according to polity, migrant group, and type of immigrant right.

The Legal-Domestic Sources of Immigrant Rights - the United States, Germany, and the European Union

http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-642-56626-4_24.pdf

European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms

This article analyzes the extent to which the European Court of Human Rights and the European Court of Justice have developed norms relevant to the status of non-(EU) nationals and the ways in whic...

European Courts and Foreigners’ Rights: A Comparative Study of Norms Diffusion:

This article examines the texts and jurisprudence of European institutions such as the Council of Europe and the European Union regarding foreigners (third country nationals in the case of the EU) and their incorporation by courts and administrations in France, Germany, and the Netherlands. The evidence suggests that both the European Court of Human Rights and the European Court of Justice had a limited legal basis and unclear competence to rule in the area of foreigners’ rights. Notwithstanding, when they did, their rulings were partially taken into account. This required a number of conditions such as a positive attitude towards international law and a litigation strategy on the part of migrant aid groups.

Third country nationals and European law: Obstacles to rights’ expansion

That rights have legal sources seems to be a tautology, because in the modern legal state there are no rights unless they are legally codified and implemented Regarding immigrants, however, the notion that rights have legal sources takes on substantive meaning In this paper, the author will compare the development of immigrant rights in the United States, Germany, and the European Union

The Domestic Legal Sources of Immigrant Rights: The United States, Germany, and the European Union

/pdf/non-ec-nationals-in-the-european-community-the-need-for-a-2xzj37r1bc.pdf

Non-EC Nationals in the European Community: The Need for a Coordinated Approach

Die Verpflichtungen der Staaten aus den Urteilen des Europäischen Gerichtshofs für Menschenrechte / The Obligations of States Arising from the Judgments of the European Court of Human Rights

.............................................................................................................................. 4 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 5 The existing standards for the accountability of business enterprises for human rights abuses .................................................................................................................................. 7 International human rights treaties.................................................................................. 7 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 7 Case-law under the European Convention on Human Rights .................................... 8 European Social Charter ............................................................................................... 19 Bioethics ....................................................................................................................... 20 Data Protection.............................................................................................................. 20 Criminal responsibility of business enterprises ............................................................ 21 Civil suits against business enterprises ......................................................................... 23 United States of America .......................................................................................... 23 Europe ....................................................................................................................... 29 Conclusions on existing standards ................................................................................ 31 Action by international organisations and institutions...................................................... 33 United Nations .............................................................................................................. 33 UN Global Compact ................................................................................................. 34 Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (Guiding Principles) ............... 35 International Labour Organisation (ILO) .................................................................. 37 Children’s Rights and Business Principles ............................................................... 38 1 Professor at the Europainstitut of the University of Saarbrücken and Head of the Human Rights Policy and Development Department, Directorate General of Human Rights and Rule of Law, Council of Europe. This report was written in a strictly personal capacity and does not necessarily reflect the official position of the Council of Europe.

Corporate Responsibility to Respect Human Rights : Challenges and Opportunities for Europe and Japan

La Ley Fundamental de Bonn, promulgada el 23 de mayo de 1949, ha demostrado ser una Constitución de extraordinario éxito. Aunque en sus más de cuarenta años de vigencia, la Ley Fundamental ha sufrido más de treinta y cinco modificaciones, su esencia no ha sido alterada. Ella sirvió también de marco a la reunificación alemana en 1990. Abstracción hecha de algunas modificaciones a raíz de la adhesión de los Lánder de la antigua República Democrática Alemana, la Ley Fundamental es hoy la Constitución de la Alemania unificada. Sus principios de libertad y democracia han cristalizado como los factores de integración e identificación más fuertes de la sociedad alemana. La República Federal de Alemania, como Estado constitucional, se caracteriza por el ideario de un Estado social y democrático de Derecho y por la sujeción de todo poder estatal a los derechos fundamentales. Para comprender la materialización de estas ideas es necesario apreciar la evolución histórica del proceso constituyente y la concepción que se tenía de la Constitución en Alemania desde finales del siglo xvm. En lo que sigue deseamos trazar, a grosso modo, esta evolución.

https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/27230.pdf

El proceso histórico de la implantación de los derechos fundamentales en Alemania

The Council of Europe works on a daily basis to promote and strengthen the rule of law in and among its member states. The Council of Europe has taken up the European Commission’s invitation to engage in further discussions on the complementarity of existing and new mechanisms. The European Union’s rule of law initiative could become a catalyst for a further deepening of the strategic partnership between the EU and the Council of Europe. The ten founding states of the Council of Europe all agreed on the importance of the rule of law as a fundamental value and steering principle for future work of the organization.

Jörg Polakiewicz

Papers

Non-EC Nationals in the European Community: The Need for a Coordinated Approach

Die Verpflichtungen der Staaten aus den Urteilen des Europäischen Gerichtshofs für Menschenrechte / The Obligations of States Arising from the Judgments of the European Court of Human Rights

Corporate Responsibility to Respect Human Rights : Challenges and Opportunities for Europe and Japan

El proceso histórico de la implantación de los derechos fundamentales en Alemania

Council of Europe and the Rule of Law