This invention relates to laundry detergent products, such as heavy duty aqueous and/or non-aqueous and/or gelled liquid laundry detergents and granular and/or powder laundry detergents, which include one or more particulate solids comprising one or more particulate solid density-reducing components and one or more non-enzyme detergent ingredients, and optionally one or more conventional cleaning adjunct materials.

Low density particulate solids useful in laundry detergents

A single-step process for the continuous preparation of a granular detergent composition or component, whereby 20 to 45% of a liquid acid precursor of an anionic surfactant, and at least an equivalent amount of a solid water-soluble alkaline inorganic material are continuously fed into a high-speed mixer/densifier, the mean residence time being from about 5 to 30 seconds, whereby the moisture content of the powder in the mixer is from 5 to 15%, and a degree of neutralization of at least 80% is attained.

Detergent compositions and process for preparing them

We have found an alkaline warewashing detergent composition that can contain a critical amount of a nonionic rinse agent that when used in automatic warewashing machines permits the use of a potable water rinse without the addition of a separate rinse agent. Sufficient residual nonionic surfactant from the alkaline detergent remains on the surface ware and internal machine and rack surfaces after washing to promote adequate sheeting in the rinse cycle. The residual nonionic surfactant on internal surfaces dissolves in the rinse water to create an effective aqueous rinse agent. The nonionic rinse agents can be a single nonionic for both foam reduction cleaning and sheeting or can be a blend of nonionic materials providing these functions. The detergent can be in the form of a particulate, pelletized or block solid. The detergent can be used in a variety of high temperature and low temperature automatic warewashing machines including large multizone conveyor machines, or relatively small institutional machines that have a single washing chamber.

Warewashing system containing nonionic surfactant that performs both a cleaning and sheeting function and a method of warewashing

A stable, free-flowing, particulate adjunct suitable for use in particulate detergent compositions consists essentially of a liquid, viscous liquid, oily or waxy adjunct absorbed into a granular zeolite material of a particle size distribution of between 50 to 500 µm and having a bulk density of about 450 to 600 g/l. Suitable adjuncts are nonionic surfactants, silicones, waxes and hydrocarbons, fabric softening compounds and perfumes. Use of said particulate free-flowing adjuncts in particulate detergent compositions is also disclosed.

Stable, free-flowing particulate adjuncts for use in detergent compositions

In one embodiment, the invention provides novel low-­temperature-effective non-phosphate detergent paste compositions comprising: A concentrated non-phosphate, detergent paste composition which is rapidly soluble in cold water comprising, by weight: 
(a) about 10-50% of at least one nonionic surfactant; 
(b) about 5-70% of at least one water insoluble non-phosphate builder; 
(c) about 0-70% of at least one water soluble non-phosphate builder; 
wherein the ratio of (b+c): a is greater than or equal to about 1.0; and 
wherein the ratio of b:a is less than about 2.0. The novel detergent paste compositions provide good removal of oily and particulate soils from both natural and synthetic fibers and yet surprisingly are rapidly soluble/dispersible in cold water. Furthermore, adjuncts such as nonionic, anionic, cationic, and amphoteric surfactants; phase stabilizers; fluorescent whitening agents; anti-redeposition agents; corrosion-inhibiting agents; dyes; pigments; bleaches; fabric softeners; enzymes; and fragrances may be added to the novel paste detergents of this invention. The invention also provides novel delivery means in the form of unit dosage size water soluble polyvinyl alcohol film packets to deliver the novel detergent paste compositions into wash water.

Concentrated non-phosphate detergent paste compositions

A free flowing phosphate-free high bulk density particulate heavy duty laundry detergent is comprised of particles of spray dried base beads containing ion exchanging zeolite, sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate into which is absorbed a nonionic detergent. The product is made by spray drying an aqueous mixture of the zeolite, carbonate and bicarbonate, optionally with soluble silicate present too, decomposing some of the bicarbonate to carbonate during the drying operation and mixing nonionic detergent in liquid form with the spray dried base beads produced and absorbing such detergent into such beads.

High bulk density particulate heavy duty laundry detergent

A free flowing, phosphate free high bulk density particulate heavy duty laundry detergent is prepared by spray-drying an aqueous slurry of ion-exchanging detergent building zeolite particles, sodium carbonate and sodium silicate which has been sheared to reduce the viscosity thereof, followed by mixing nonionic detergent in liquid form with the spray-dried base beads to absorb the detergent into the beads.

High bulk density carbonate-zeolite built heavy duty nonionic laundry detergent

A low density spray dried product such as a detergent having a central body in the form of an irregular-shaped bead with a plurality of nodules or arms extending in a cruciform manner outwardly thereof.

Low density spray dried product

We calculate the Bayesian evidences for a class of Ekpyrotic universe models, and compare with a model of single field inflation with a Higgs-type potential. Combining parsimony and observational constraints, this gives us a systematic way to evaluate the degree to which Ekpyrotic models are constrained by CMB data from Planck. We integrate the equations of motion numerically to define a likelihood using Planck 2018 data and sample this likelihood to obtain Bayesian evidences. Priors are justified and used to put Ekpyrotic models and inflation on equal footing. We find reasonable preference for one of the considered Ekpyrotic models over the others, but that even this one is disfavored compared with Higgs inflation.

/pdf/bayes-theorem-inflation-and-the-ekpyrotic-universe-31d2azxj.pdf

Joseph B Wraga

Papers

High bulk density particulate heavy duty laundry detergent

High bulk density carbonate-zeolite built heavy duty nonionic laundry detergent

Low density spray dried product

Bayes' theorem, inflation, and the Ekpyrotic universe