Joseph B. Zwischenberger

TL;DR: In this article, a multivariable logistic regression was used to assess influence of transfusion on outcomes, while adjusting for transfusion propensity, procedure type, wound class, operative duration, and 30+ patient risk factors.

TL;DR: Operative duration is independently associated with increased ICs and LOS after adjustment for procedure and patient risk factors in a broad range of general surgical procedures.

TL;DR: It is likely that a small, possibly discretionary amount of intraoper transfusion leads to increased mortality, morbidity, and resource use, suggesting that caution should be used with intraoperative transfusions for mildly hypovolemic or anemic patients.

TL;DR: As the use of this technology continues to evolve rapidly, it is important to understand the indications and contraindications; the logistics of ECMO initiation, management, and weaning; the general infrastructure of the program; and ethical considerations, areas of uncertainty, and future directions.

TL;DR: A simple model for teaching and assessing residents in the operating room to guide faculty and resident interaction in the OR, and designating a resident's earned level of autonomy for a given procedure is proposed.