trate the various and often conflicting goals of local communities trying to regulate the stability of their communities on the basis of aesthetics. Costonis states that \"the values being defended are dictated by neighborhood residents (in intracity squabbles) or by community residents (in intercity squabbles) and are not aligned with a broader public interest but reflect instead the neighborhood or community interests of the residents alone\" (p. 13). However, rather than becoming a dry recitation of facts and circumstances, the cases are light, entertaining, and often hilarious, causing the reader to laugh at what is often too painfully close to home. To illustrate the dichotomies present in aesthetics, Costonis uses another device to make his point: that of \"icons\" and \"aliens.\" These terms alternately represent the positive and the negative images in the built environment that either provide meaning and context in a community or skew the scene in terms of both time and place. In short, going back to his major theme in the book, Costonis states that legal aesthetics is not a case of \"beauty\" or of subjective artistic value, but a case of the cultural value that society as a whole places on objects in our environment--thus Costonis’s heavy reliance on historic preservation images to define the differences between \"icons\" and \"aliens\" and to illustrate the process of defining each within a community. As he states,

The city as text: the politics of landscape interpretation in the kandyan kingdom

Craft or “boutique” breweries are increasing in numbers in the USA, and in other parts of the developed world. Many are located in rural areas, and have become new rural tourism visitor experiences, related to wine tourism and linked to the growth in culinary tourism. This study offers a clearer understanding of what factors most influence brand loyalty to craft beer, and craft breweries, and sheds light on methodologies for assessing loyalty to other rural tourism, and culinary tourism, experiences. It is based on a survey of patrons visiting and purchasing from two micro-breweries in rural North Carolina, USA, examining concepts used in brand loyalty research including access, environmental consumption, connections with the community, satisfaction, and desire for unique consumer products. Results show that connection with the community, desire for unique consumer products, and satisfaction are the three factors that most align themselves with brand loyalty to rural brewery visits. Connection with the co...

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Rural tourism and the craft beer experience: factors influencing brand loyalty in rural North Carolina, USA

[Agrarians] are asking what is the best way to farm in each one of the world's numberless places, as defined by topography, soil type, climate, ecology, history, culture, and local need…. The agrarian standard, inescapably, is local adaptation, which requires bringing local nature, local people, local economy, and local culture into a practical and enduring harmony.

Food with a farmer's face: community-supported agriculture in the united states

Uncovering patterns of consumers' interest for beer: A case study with craft beers

Mapping the Invisible Landscape: Folklore, Writing, and the Sense of Place

During the 1490s, over 1,500 microbreweries sprouted and flourished across the country. This expansion of microbreweries derives, in part, from the desire of people to break away from the smothering homogeneity of popular, national culture. Such breweries are often proudly and sellconsciously local, sporting local historical photos, maps, and other artifacts of a place's personality as part of the decor. Geographer Wes Flack has hypothesized that the growth of such establishments is a prime illustration of a movement termed “neolocalism,” in which people are attempting to reconnect with the local, the personal, and the unique. The microbrewery industry has undergone rapid expansion and major upheaval in the decade since F7lack first carried out his research. This study examines recent trends in the industry and determines that his original thesis is as valid as it was when he first offered it. The core of this paper is an analysis of how ale names and visual marketing imagery are used by microbreweries to...

Microbreweries as Tools of Local Identity

Since the mid-1980s, over 2,300 microbreweries and brewpubs have sprouted and flourished in the United States We argue that this expansion is about more than just beer It is also about a desire on the part of many Americans to re-connect with place Such breweries are often proudly and self-consciously local, and often use imagery and stories associated with a particular place as a means of promoting their brews This active, conscious creation and maintenance of attachment to place is termed neolocalism This chapter provides an overview of the geography of microbrewing and its historical development in the United States It then analyzes how ale names and visual marketing imagery used by microbreweries tap into this powerful concept of neolocalism, and how these images serve to create local loyalties and identities We argue that such imagery offers a valuable window into the neolocalism movement and the process of place attachment

Joseph F. Reese

Papers

Microbreweries as Tools of Local Identity

Microbreweries, Place, and Identity in the United States

The anthropocene: through the orbital perspective of time-series imagery of earth