An apparatus and method is disclosed for obtaining and measuring constituents in a sample of body fluid. The apparatus includes a member which is sized to penetrate into at least the dermal layer of skin to collect a sample of body fluid located within the dermal layer.

Interstitial fluid collection and constituent measurement

A method of manufacturing a thin film transistor array panel is provided, the method includes: forming a gate line on an insulating substrate; forming a gate insulating layer; forming a semiconductor layer; forming a data conductive layer including a data line and a drain electrode; depositing a passivation layer; forming a photoresist including a first portion located on an end portion of the gate line, a second portion thicker than the first portion and located on the drain electrode, and a third portion thicker than the second portion; exposing a portion of the passivation layer under the second portion of the photoresist and a portion of the gate insulating layer under the first portion of the photoresist by etching using the photoresist as an etch mask; forming first and second contact holes exposing the drain electrode and the end portions of the gate line, respectively; and forming a pixel electrode connected to the drain electrode through the first contact hole.

Thin film transistor array panel and manufacturing method thereof

An ink jet printer has: a vibration detection section to receive ink jetted from the nozzles and output a detection signal having an amplitude corresponding to a vibration generated when the ink lands; a sampling section to sample an amplitude value of the detection signal by a predetermined sampling clock signal; a storing section to store an amplitude value data of the detection signal sampled by the sampling section; a judging section to judge a jet failure of the nozzles based on the amplitude value data of the detection signal in the storing section; and a control section to control to jet the ink continuously a plurality of times with a jet drive cycle which is set by multiplying a standard drive waveform time of an ink jet signal from the nozzles by an odd number not less than five when detecting a jet failure of the nozzles.

Ink jet printer

A high-quality image is printed with reduced bleeding in colors that may appear at a boundary between a black image and a color image. A head for ejecting black ink and a head for ejecting color ink perform three times of scanning while feeding is carried out therebetween for moving the printing medium by four pitches of ejection openings arranged on the heads, different ejection openings are caused to correspond to a scanning area, which corresponds to the four pitches, and multi-pass printing is performed to complete printing on the area. The black head completes printing of the black image, and then, the color head completes printing of the color image adjacent to the black image. The arrangement of ejection openings is determined so that between last scanning for completing printing of the black image and the first scanning for printing of the color image, scanning with no performing printing exists.

Ink jet printing apparatus and ink jet printing method

Development of aerospace airframes and propulsion systems depends on the accurate simulation of these components in their normal operating environment. Measurement of velocity fields is of critical importance in these aerodynamic studies in order to both verify the external flow field and also to determine the performance of these components/systems in the flow field. Quantitative flow field measurements were initially obtained in aerodynamic studies using Pitot static probes, which were suitable for measuring the time-average or low frequency response flow field properties at a single point in the flow.1 Hot wire anemometry proved to be a significant improvement over pitot probes by providing high frequency response velocity measurements.1 Adding more wires enabled multi-component flow measurements. By their design, hot wires are very fragile and easily damaged by foreign objects or particles in the flow. While able to provide continuous records of flow fluctuations, hot wire anemometers only perform reliably in low turbulence flows. Similar to pitot probes, hot wire anemometers were invasive and disturbed the flow field under study. The first non-invasive point velocity measurement technique was Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV), which used a crossed pair of laser beams to measure the velocity of seed particles entrained in the flow.1

Digital Particle Image Velocimetry

A xerographic printer especially suitable for printing copies of oversized original documents is enabled by staggering a plurality of image bars in optical alignment with a linear projection means such as gradient index lens arrays which are tilted at a preferred angle. The image bars are selectively addressed in response to digitized bit-mapped data inputs representing the document information. The modulated light outputs from the bars are transmitted as focused lines on the surface of the photoreceptor. The printer includes illumination lamps and a lamp aperture which parallels the staggered image bars. Further, a multi-function copier/printer is realized by combining a variation of the xerographic printer with a conventional imaging system for copying a document.

Liquid crystal shutter xerographic printer with offset configuration lamp aperture and copier/printer with optically aligned lamps, image bars, and lenses

A capacitor is created in an ink tank supplying ink to an ink jet printhead by placing parallel capacitive plates on sides of the tank with the ink therebetween acting as the capacitor dielectric. An electrical AC potential is applied across the capacitor. Changes in current flow through the plates are detected in a phase sensitive bridge circuit and digital signals are generated and sent to a processor for conversion into low ink level signals. The output signal is also used to identify a particular type of ink by either comparing points on a characteristic curve of the ink volume verses capacitance or, in a second embodiment, by periodically sweeping an applied oscillator voltage over a selected frequency range and comparing measured electrical resonance parameters for the ink tank capacitor with stored information about resonance parameters for different types of ink.

System for sensing ink level and type of ink for an ink jet printer

Bar code reading systems having enhanced detection capabilities are disclosed. The systems are particularly useful for invisible bar codes. The bar code is irradiated with radiation that is sine wave or square wave modulated at one or more frequencies. A detector is sensitive to a frequency related to the modulation frequencies, preferable to a sum or a difference of at least two modulating frequencies, produced by intermodulation of the modulating frequencies. Such intermodulation can result from the non-linear fluorescing characteristics of dyes incorporated into the bar code markings. The modulation can also be sinusoid or square wave at a single frequency. Detection of coded information on sheets containing whiteners or other dyes capable of fluorescing in response to the radiation utilized by the code reader is improved by employing radiation absorbing components in the code markings.

Code reading systems

A system controls an ink jet printing apparatus for propelling ink jet droplets on demand from a printhead having a plurality of drop ejectors. In the printhead, each ejector includes a heating element actuable in response to electrical input signals, each input signal having an amplitude and a time duration, selectably applied to the heating element to produce a temporary vapor bubble and cause a quantity of ink to be emitted for the creation of a mark on a copy sheet. The temperature of ink in the printhead is sensed, and a combination of power level and time duration of the electrical input signal for the heating element to result in a desired size of the mark of the copy sheet is selected, by entering the sensed temperature of the ink into a predetermined function relating the energy of the electrical input signal to the corresponding resulting size of the mark on the copy sheet.

Electronic spot size control in a thermal ink jet printer

Data relating to the performance of an individual ink-jet printhead is stored in an electrically-readable form on a silicon substrate forming an essential part of the printhead. A template of electrically-detectable structure is created on the substrate at manufacture, and then portions of the structure are removed in accordance with the data desired to be stored. In one embodiment, the digital performance data may be encoded and also read out in serial form using a shift register on the chip.

Joseph F. Stephany

Papers

Liquid crystal shutter xerographic printer with offset configuration lamp aperture and copier/printer with optically aligned lamps, image bars, and lenses

System for sensing ink level and type of ink for an ink jet printer

Code reading systems

Electronic spot size control in a thermal ink jet printer

Electronically readable performance data on a thermal ink jet printhead chip