Growth of Chlorella ellipsoidea was analyzed using various autotrophic media viz. Bold's basal medium (BBM), wright's cryptophyte medium (WC), closterium medium (C), and blue green medium (BG11) medium. BG11 was showed to be the most excellent medium for growth and biomass production (3.2 g L − 1 ). WC was the best medium for lipid production. Maximum lipid production 1184 mg L − 1 (a mass fraction of 37% on dry weight basis) was achieved when the cells in the late-exponential growth phase in BG11 medium were collected by centrifugation and reinoculated into WC media. The findings of gravimetric method were comparable with nile red fluorescence method of lipid determination. Total fatty acid (TFA) composition varies with culture media composition. Highest TFA yield of 2.2 g L − 1 and a TFA content of a mass fraction of 24.1% (DW) with a mass fraction of 95% TFA C18 (a mass fraction of ~ 71.5%) and C16 (a mass fraction of ~ 23.5%) was obtained with BG11 medium after reinoculation into WC media. C . ellipsoidea was discovered as rich source of protein and carbohydrate also.

Growth of high oil yielding green alga Chlorella ellipsoidea in diverse autotrophic media, effect on its constituents

Emerging technologies for sustainable production of biohydrogen production from microalgae: A state-of-the-art review of upstream and downstream processes.

In the present investigation, different salts of nitrogen and carbon sources were tested for their potential to boost biomass and lipid content in Scenedesmus sp. IITRIND2. Among the nitrogen sources, ammonium bicarbonate/nitrate cultures showed maximum dry cell weight (DCW) of ~ 1.8 g/L and lipid yield (~ 40%) while the addition of C6 sugars (glucose and mannose) and sodium acetate enhanced the DCW (~ 3 g/L) and lipid accumulation (~ 40%) compared with disaccharides, C4 and C5 sugars. On evaluating the synergistic effects of the nitrogen and carbon sources, maximum DCW (3.66 g/L) was obtained in ammonium bicarbonate + sodium acetate cultures with a lipid yield of 37.15%. The fatty acid profile of the derived biodiesel was similar to that of plant oils. The results clearly established the robust capability of the novel microalga to efficiently adapt, sustain, and grow in different carbon and nitrogen sources along with high lipid productivity, making it a potential source for biodiesel production.

Assessing the robust growth and lipid-accumulating characteristics of Scenedesmus sp. for biodiesel production.

The present study investigates the interactive effect of important growth media components (organic carbon, nitrate, and phosphate) on Scenedesmus sp. Interestingly, simultaneous enhancement of energy storage components and biomass was observed. Six carbon sources taken into consideration in this study affected the microalgal growth profile distinctively. As compared to other studied organic carbon sources, the addition of glucose (5 g L−1) resulted in the highest total biomass (3.7 ± 0.2 g L−1). Further, the combination of 5 g L−1 glucose supplementation with phosphate and nitrate starvation fetched the highest total lipids (331.5 ± 29.4 µg mg−1 and 281.6 ± 9.4 µg mg−1, respectively). Additionally, phosphate starvation with 5 g L−1 glucose supplementation fetched the highest total fatty acid content (118.35 µg mg−1). Carbohydrate content was the highest (1025.5 ± 83.9 µg mg−1) at 5 g L−1 of glucose, 1.5 g L−1 of NaNO3, and 0.04 g L−1 of K2HPO4 without compromising biomass accumulation. Principal component analysis confirmed that carbohydrate and protein concentrations in the algal biomass were closely related to enhanced biomass and chlorophyll concentration and were heavily impacted by NaNO3 in the presence of high organic carbon. This study supported in fetching the nutrient combinations, which increased biomass with wide range of fuel, as well as non-fuel applications.

Maximizing intrinsic value of microalgae using multi-parameter study: conjoint effect of organic carbon, nitrate, and phosphate supplementation

Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate the combined effect of the initial carbon (NaHCO 3 ) and nitrogen (NaNO 3 ) source concentration on the synthesis of high added value products by Nannochloropsis oceanica CCMP1779, applying a 2 2 full-factorial central composite design with four axial points. Biomass and lipid production were influenced by the variations of the tested parameters. Highest biomass production (0.581 g/L) and specific growth rate (0.279 d −1 ) were obtained at high carbon concentration, while low nitrogen concentration favors the lipids accumulation (highest lipid content 44.65 g/100 g DCW). The fatty acids (FAs) profile of N. oceanica CCMP1779 was dominated by saturated (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), comprising 88–95% of the total FAs, while polyunsaturated acids (PUFAs) accounted for 5–11%. Palmitic (C16:0), palmitoleic (C16:1 n-7), oleic acid (C18:1 n-9), myristic (C14:0) and eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 n-3) (EPA) were the major FAs detected and their content depended on the (NaHCO 3 ) and nitrogen (NaNO 3 ) combination. Optimization of through RSM indicated that a combination of 1.3 g/L NaHCO 3 and 0.06 g/L NaNO 3 maximizes the FAs accumulation and MUFAs content, while the above conditions have the exact opposite effect on PUFAs and EPA content.

A study on the combined effects of carbon and nitrogen source on high added value products synthesis by Nannochloropsis oceanica CCMP1779 using response surface methodology

Microalgae based biofuels are getting attention due to energy crisis and enviromental protection. In the present study, the Chlorella sp. was cultivated in BG-11 medium at batch mode. The effect of different nitrogen (sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate and urea) and organic carbon (glucose, glycerol and sucrose) sources were analyzed on growth and lipid accumulation on this species. The highest biomass growth and biomass productivity of chlorella sp. was found 1.29±0.04 g/l, 76.96±4.5mgl -1 d - 1 in urea. However in case of organic sources, the biomass growth and productivity was found maximum in glucose (1.43±0.075 g/l 86.04±3.2 mgl -1 d -1 ). The lipid content was examined using folch method and found better in potassium nitrate nitrogen source (11.84%) . Among organic carbon sources, the maximum lipid content (13.22% and lipid yield 189.94 mg/l were found in case of glucose, followed by glycerol and sucrose. Various properties of biodiesel obtained from chlorella sp. such as Cetane number, Saponification value, Iodine value and Degree of unsaturation were followed standerds set by the national petroleum agency (ANP255), ASTMD6751 and EN14214. Keywords: Biodiesel, Biomass growth, Chlorella sp., Lipid extraction, Transesterification

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Influence Of Different Nitrogen And Organic Carbon Sources On Microalgae Growth And Lipid Production