Socioeconomic inequalities and mental health problems in children and adolescents: A systematic review

Objectives
Systematic reviews on prevalence estimates of child sexual abuse (CSA) worldwide included studies with adult participants referring on a period of abuse of about 50 years. Therefore we aimed to describe the current prevalence of CSA, taking into account geographical region, type of abuse, level of country development and research methods.

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The current prevalence of child sexual abuse worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The objective of the article was to offer an operational framework to assess cross cultural adaptation processes of instruments developed in other linguistic, social and cultural contexts. It covers the need for using robust measurement tools; the importance of 'universal' instruments that permit cross cultural fine-tuning; and stresses the need for adapting existent instruments rather than developing new ones. Existing controversies and proposals for different procedures in current literature are reviewed and a model for adapting instruments is presented. This synthesis covers the operational steps involved in evaluating concepts, semantic and operational items, and presents psychometric analysis guidelines that underlay an evaluation of measurement equivalence. Finally, the need for adequately controlling the quality of information presented in epidemiological studies, including a meticulous cross-cultural adaptation of research agendas, is reinforced.

/pdf/operacionalizacao-de-adaptacao-transcultural-de-instrumentos-2omnu232mz.pdf

Operacionalização de adaptação transcultural de instrumentos de aferição usados em epidemiologia

The objective of the article was to offer an operational framework to assess cross cultural adaptation processes of instruments developed in other linguistic, social and cultural contexts. It covers the need for using robust measurement tools; the importance of ‘universal’ instruments that permit cross cultural fi ne-tuning; and stresses the need for adapting existent instruments rather than developing new ones. Existing controversies and proposals for different procedures in current literature are reviewed and a model for adapting instruments is presented. This synthesis covers the operational steps involved in evaluating concepts, semantic and operational items, and presents psychometric analysis guidelines that underlay an evaluation of measurement equivalence. Finally, the need for adequately controlling the quality of information presented in epidemiological studies, including a meticulous cross-cultural adaptation of research agendas, is reinforced.

Operacionalização de adaptação transcultural de instrumentos de aferição usados em epidemiologia Operationalizing the cross-cultural adaptation of epidemological measurement instruments

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(11)60053-6.pdf

Violence and injuries in Brazil: the effect, progress made, and challenges ahead

This study describes the cross-cultural adaptation to Portuguese and the psychometric evaluation of the resilience scale developed by Wagnild & Young. The scale was adapted for a sample of students from public schools in Sao Goncalo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Data from the pilot study (203 students interviewed at two points in time) and from the entire study (977) are presented. The cross-cultural adaptation showed good results in the semantic equivalence for: general meaning (above 90.0%) and referential meaning (above 85.0%). Chronbach alpha was 0.85 in the pilot study and 0.80 in the total sample. Kappa between the two points in time was regular and moderate, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.746 (p = 0.000). Factorial analysis indicated three non-homogeneous factors. Construct validity demonstrated direct and significant correlation with self-esteem, family supervision, life satisfaction, and social support. There was an inverse correlation with the scale that evaluates psychological violence.

/pdf/cross-cultural-adaptation-reliability-and-validity-of-the-19jp9iwgmk.pdf

Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability and validity of the resilience scale

This article reflects about the situation of mental health and violence against Brazilian children and adolescents, proposing a discussion about the need for public health policies including these extremely relevant issues in their priority agenda. In Brazil, the debate about this problem has occurred in a fragmented and not very consistent way. This article presents a non-systematic selection of epidemiological investigations on this subject conducted in Brazilian schools and communities. The great variety and prevalence of familiar and community violence and of mental health problems is pointed out and the methodological differences between the studies and the concentration of studies in the South and Southeastern regions of the country are emphasized. The article still highlights to the scarce service network for dealing with this kind of problem and the lack of concern with the prevention of mental disorders and promotion of mental health.

/pdf/the-situation-of-brazilian-children-and-adolescents-with-385rgm20ww.pdf

The situation of Brazilian children and adolescents with regard to mental health and violence

The article proposes a cross-cultural adaptation (Herdman, Fox-Rushby & Badia, 1998) of "Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale" for adolescents who live in an urban neighborhood of Rio de Janeiro (Sao Goncalo). The sample was composed of 266 adolescents, students of the 7th/ 8th grade of Elementary School and of the 1st/2nd grade of High School, of public and private schools of Sao Goncalo/RJ. The following equivalences were evaluated: conceptual and itens equivalences, semantic equivalence (referential and general meaning), measurement equivalence (test-retest reliability, internal consistency, factorial analysis and construct validity) and operational and functional equivalences. Good results were obtained for semantics equivalence, alpha of Cronbach was of 0.68, the Kappa was moderate and regular, and the factorial analysis proposed two structures of factors (low and high self-esteem). Construct validity showed significant positive correlation with social support and negative correlation with psychological abuse, violence between parents and brothers. The results indicate the applicability of the scale in a reference population, suggesting the necessity to develop others studies in distinct samples.

/pdf/adaptacao-tanscultural-de-escala-de-auto-estima-para-3fr0lprh27.pdf

Adaptação tanscultural de escala de auto-estima para adolescentes

The scope of this article is to outline the scenario of domestic, sexual and other forms of violence against children (0-9 years old) in Brazil for the year 2010. It is based on data from reports of domestic, sexual and other forms of violence registered with SINAN - Information System for Notifiable Diseases (Continuous VIVA). Absolute and relative numbers are presented, derived from reported violence, discriminating between children under 1 year of age and those between 1-9 years old, due to the specificities that exist in these age groups. Throughout the country, the number of reports among those under 10 years of age is low (17.1%). Differences were found for the distribution of reports in the different Brazilian States. Few municipalities and few services reported violence to SINAN-Net in 2010 in the country. Some differences were found between children under 1 year of age and those between 1 and 9 years of age, as for instance the relationship between the profile of the violence, the victim and the perpetrator, and the handling of the case. The quality of the reported information is discussed showing the high level of unreported data in some spaces of the reporting form. Lack of information may prejudice comprehension of the phenomenon, interfering with the planning, organization and operation actions of the health services in the country.

/pdf/reports-of-domestic-sexual-and-other-forms-of-violence-2k65x9ijka.pdf

Reports of domestic, sexual and other forms of violence against children in Brazil

OBJETIVO: Investigar a associacao entre a representacao que os adolescentes tem de si e a violencia fisica severa, psicologica e sexual que sofrem de pessoas que lhes sao importantes, sobretudo os pais; e analisar a associacao entre a vitimizacao na familia e em outros espacos sociais. METODO: Inquerito epidemiologico com 1 685 estudantes selecionados aleatoriamente nas escolas publicas e particulares do Municipio de Sao Goncalo (RJ), Brasil, em 2002. Para aferir cada uma das formas de violencia foram usadas escalas de avaliacao de taticas para lidar com conflito, de abuso e trauma infantil e de violencia psicologica. RESULTADOS: Constatou-se que 14,6% dos estudantes sofriam violencia fisica severa de pai ou mae; 11,8% testemunharam ou vivenciaram violencia sexual na familia; 48,0% relataram sofrer violencia psicologica de pessoas significativas. Os adolescentes que sofrem essas formas de violencia sao mais frequentemente vitimas de violencia na comunidade e na escola, relatando-se tambem mais transgressores da lei. Em geral, possuem uma representacao positiva de si proprios, embora mencionem atributos negativos com maior frequencia. CONCLUSAO: A representacao social predominantemente positiva entre jovens necessita ser estimulada nas atividades de promocao a saude. A constatacao de que os indices de violencia estao associados as varias esferas de atuacao dos adolescentes indica que a resolucao do problema depende de estrategias que englobem todas essas esferas.

https://scielosp.org/pdf/rpsp/2004.v16n1/43-51/pt

Joviana Quintes Avanci

Papers

Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability and validity of the resilience scale

The situation of Brazilian children and adolescents with regard to mental health and violence

Adaptação tanscultural de escala de auto-estima para adolescentes

Reports of domestic, sexual and other forms of violence against children in Brazil

Violence and social representation in teenagers in Brazil