Preparation of catalysts

Catalytic hydrocarbon conversion with a crystalline zeolite composite catalyst

Most crude oils contain traces of vanadium, which cause significant detrimental impact during catalytic conversion and combustion. The concentrations in bitumen and vacuum residue are generally much higher, which poses a problem for the economical upgrading of these feedstocks. These problems are relevant since the world reserves of conventional light oils are dwindling and being replaced by an increasing amount of heavier feedstocks. In this article, the current understanding of the distribution and form of vanadium compounds within vacuum residue is critically discussed. The implications of this chemistry on prospects for new separation methods, other than deasphalting, are considered. Although only a small fraction of the vanadium is contained within the polar resin fraction (i.e., maltenes), this fraction has been most often characterized to determine the chemical form of the vanadium compounds. Various spectroscopic techniques have been used to determine that these resin soluble vanadium compounds ex...

Chemistry and Association of Vanadium Compounds in Heavy Oil and Bitumen, and Implications for Their Selective Removal

Octane and total yield improvement in catalytic cracking processes can be attained by the addition to conventional cracking catalysts of very small amounts of additive catalyst comprising a class of zeolites characterized by a silica to alumina mole ratio greater than about 12 and a constraint index of about 1 to 12. The additive catalyst is added to the conventional cracking catalyst in the cracking process in an amount which provides the zeolite component of the additive catalyst at from about 0.01 weight percent to about 1.0 weight percent of the conventional cracking catalyst in the cracking process.

Octane and total yield improvement in catalytic cracking

Catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons with a crystalline zeolite catalyst composite

IMPROVED HYDROCARBON CATALYSTS ARE PREPARED BY TREATING CERTAIN ZEOLITES WITH HYDROGEN FLUORIDE. IT IS PREFERRED THAT THE HYDROGEN FLUORIDE TREATMENT BE ACCOMPLISHED AFTER THOSE PREPARATION STEPS REQUIRING CONTACT OF THE ZEOLITE WITH WATER AT HIGH TEMPERATURES. IT IS ALSO PREFERRED THAT THE ZEOLITE WHICH IS SUBJECTED TO THE HF TREATMENT HAVE A SUBSTANTIAL PORTION OF IS ALKALI METAL CONTENT REPLACED BY THE HYDROGEN ION.

Jr Charles Newton Kimberlin

Papers

Hydrocarbon conversion catalyst

Coking of heavy hydrocarbonaceous residues

Improved residual oil conversion process for the production of chemicals

Olefin separation and recovery

Process for preparing attrition resistant adsorbents