Through biological inoculation technology, the bacterial-mycorrhizal-legume tripartite symbiosis in saline conditions was documented and the effects of dual inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense (NFB) and Arbuscular mycorrhizal (Am) fungus Glomus clarum on the host plants ( Vicia faba ) in pot cultures were investigated at five NaCl levels (0.0 – 6.0 dSm -1 ) in irrigating water. Am faba plants showed decreases in salinity tolerance, % of mycorrhizal infection and higher accumulation of proline with increasing levels of salinity. Am infection significantly increased tolerance of salinity, mycorrhizal dependency, phosphorus level, phosphatases enzymes, nodule number, nitrogen level, protein content and nitrogenase enzymes of all salinized faba plants in comparison with control and non-Am plants either in the absence and presence of NFB. In shoot system of non-Am plants, Na + concentration was increased while the concentrations of K + , Mg + and Ca + were decreased with raising salinity stress. In Am plants, K + /Na + , Mg + /Na + and Ca + /Na + ratios were higher than that of non-Am plants at all salinity levels. The Na + level in shoots of Am plants showed slight increase with raising salinity meanwhile, K + and Ca + concentrations showed noticeable increases especially at higher salinity levels. The results clearly showed that the inoculation of NFB to Am plants had potentiality to increase the effects of Am fungi under salinity stress. This study provides evidence for benefits of NFB to Am fungus in the protection of host plants against the detrimental effects of salt. If so, bacterial-Am-legume tripartite symbioses could be a new approach to increase the salinity tolerance of legumes plants under salinity conditions. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 4 (3), pp. 210-222, 2005

Role of bioinoculants in development of salt-tolerance of Vicia faba plants under salinity stress

Cakile maritima (Brassicaceae) is a halophyte that thrives on dunes along the Tunisian seashore. Besides its ecological interest for soil fixation, this plant produces seeds rich in lipids (40% on dry weight basis), making it a potential source of oil for industrial use. The purpose of the present work was to study the salt tolerance of this species at germination, vegetative growth and fruiting stages. NaCl inhibited germination only at concentrations higher than 200 mM, mainly by an osmotic effect (fully reversible after seed transfer to water). At the vegetative stage, the plant exhibited a typical halophytic behaviour, requiring the presence of a moderate salt concentration (50 to 100 mM NaCl) to express its maximal growth potentialities. Growth activity was maintained up to 500 mM NaCl. Salt tolerance of C maritima at the vegetative stage seemed to be mainly based on: (i) the capacity to preserve the biomass production within the range of optimal salt concentrations; (ii) the ability to maintain the tissue water status; and (iii) the efficiency of selective K+ uptake, in spite of high Na+ concentration in the medium. Indirect evidence of Na+ utilisation by the plant for osmotic adjustment was obtained. Seed production was stimulated at 50 to 100 mM NaCl as compared to control treatment, and severely restricted at higher salt levels. Individual seed mass was moderately diminished by increasing NaCl concentrations.

Salinity effects on germination, growth, and seed production of the halophyte Cakile maritima

Strategies for adaptation of Suaeda physophora, Haloxylon ammodendron and Haloxylon persicum to a saline environment during seed-germination stage.

Seagrass-salinity interactions: Physiological mechanisms used by submersed marine angiosperms for a life at sea

The characteristics of Na+, K+ and free proline distribution in several drought-resistant plants of the Alxa Desert, China

Recovery of Germination from Different Osmotic Conditions by Four Halophytes from Southeastern Spain

In this paper, some issues of the autoecology of Halocnemum strobilaceum (a rare succulent halophyte that occurs in southeastern Spain) are examined, particularly the germination process and the first stages of plant development. In regards to germination, this species shows the general pattern of halophytes under increased salt stress (reduced germination and germination rate). What stands out is the extreme salt tolerance of H. strobilaceum seeds. The stimulation of root length by the presence of salt probably plays an important role in avoiding salt stress at surface-level soils, within salt concentrations where germination still occurs. Halocnemum strobilaceum typically accumulates Na+ ions, which, combined with Cl-, contributes to the internal osmotic potential. The accumulation of both ions clearly increases with an increase in salinity stress. In contrast, accumulation of K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ decreases with an increase in salinity stress. Glycinebetaine contents are approximately 100 times g...

https://bioone.org/journals/Wetlands/volume-21/issue-2/0277-5212(2001)021[0256:SGGAOA]2.0.CO;2/SEED-GERMINATION-GROWTH-AND-OSMOTIC-ADJUSTMENT-IN-RESPONSE-TO-NaCl/10.1672/0277-5212(2001)021[0256:SGGAOA]2.0.CO;2.pdf

SEED GERMINATION, GROWTH, AND OSMOTIC ADJUSTMENT IN RESPONSE TO NaCl IN A RARE SUCCULENT HALOPHYTE FROM SOUTHEASTERN SPAIN

This Collective Article presents information on 20 taxa belonging to five (5) Phyla: Cnidaria (2), Mollusca (8), Arthropoda (4), Echinodermata (1) and Chordata (5) recorded from the Alboran Sea to the Levantine Sea. These new records were found in seven (7) different ecoregions as follows: Alboran Sea: new record of the rare football octopus Ocythoe tuberculata in the harbour of Algeciras (Spain); Western Mediterranean Sea: first record of the isopod Arcturinella deltensis in the Ligurian Sea, and the third in the whole Mediterranean Sea; third Mediterranean site for the Muricidae Coralliophila ahuiri along the Italian coasts (Alghero); first and westernmost record of the goby Corcyrogobius liechtensteini from the Iberian Peninsula; new record of the sea slug Glaucus atlanticus from the coast of the Iberian Peninsula; first and easternmost record of Holothuria (Vaneyothuria) lentiginosa lentiginosa along the Italian coasts; Tunisian Plateau/Gulf of Sidra: seventh record of the oceanic squid Thysanoteuthis rhombus in Tunisia, and first for the Gulf of Gabes. Ionian Sea: second occurrence of the Atlantic tripletail Lobotes surinamensis in the Ionian Sea and first record from the Strait of Messina area; new record of the rare sea elephant Pterotrachea coronata from the Strait of Messina; Adriatic Sea: first record of a facies of football ascidian Diazona violacea in the South Adriatic Sea (Tremiti Island, Italy); two records of the sevengill shark Heptranchias perlo in Croatian waters after more than 70 years of absence of documented records in this area; first known occurrence of the nudibranch Jalonus hyalinus in Slovenian waters and also the first known occurrence of this species in the Adriatic Sea; first record of the nudibranch Okenia elegans in Slovenian waters; Aegean Sea: First record of the parasitic isopod Nerocila milesensis along Greek coasts (Crete island) as well as the second record worldwide; additional record of the brachyuran Paragalene longicrura collected from the Saronikos Gulf (Greece); first record of the siphonophore Rhizophysa filiformis in Greek waters as well as the second record of this species in the eastern Mediterranean basin; new record of the rare and protected angelshark Squatina aculeata along Turkish coasts; Levantine Sea: first record of the marine amphipod Caprella andreae in the Levantine Mediterranean shore of Israel, based on both morphological and molecular data; first occurrence of the cephalopod Tremoctopus violaceus along Turkish coasts, which confirms its presence in the north-eastern coasts of Turkey; record of a bloom of the thermophilic jellyfish Pelagia noctiluca in the north Levantine Sea.

Juan A. Pujol

Papers

Recovery of Germination from Different Osmotic Conditions by Four Halophytes from Southeastern Spain

SEED GERMINATION, GROWTH, AND OSMOTIC ADJUSTMENT IN RESPONSE TO NaCl IN A RARE SUCCULENT HALOPHYTE FROM SOUTHEASTERN SPAIN

New records of rare species in the Mediterranean Sea (December 2022)