• A complete refractive investigation was performed on 148 normal eyes of 79 patients ranging from premature newborns to 36-year-old adults. Cycloplegic refraction, keratometry, and axial length measurements were performed. From these data, we then calculated the refractive power of the lens. The change with respect to age in these measurements was subjected to cross-sectional analysis. The full-term newborn eye had a mean axial length of 16.8 mm, a mean keratometric power of 51.2 diopters (spherical equivalent), and a mean lens power of 34.4 D. The adult values for these measurements were 23.6 mm, 43.5 D, and 18.8 D, respectively. This information concerning the expected change with age in the refractive components should aid in the refractive management of pediatric patients requiring cataract extraction.

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/OPHTH/articlepdf/635556/archopht_103_6_020.pdf

Refractive Development of the Human Eye

Nosocomial endophthalmitis survey. Current incidence of infection after intraocular surgery

Complications of intraocular lenses. A historical and histopathological review

Prophylaxis of Endophthalmitis with Topical Povidone-iodine

Bacterial endophthalmitis prophylaxis for cataract surgery: an evidence-based update

• A half-strength povidone-iodine (Betadine) solution was used topically as part of the preoperative chemical preparation of the eye. Aerobic and anaerobic bacterial cultures of the conjunctiva were taken before and after the chemical preparation in 30 consecutive patients; the second eye served as a control. In the control eyes, no significant change in the number of colonies or species of bacteria was found. In the povidone-iodine-treated eyes, the numbers of colonies decreased 91% and the number of species decreased 50% (statistically significant). We therefore recommend that a halfstrength povidone-iodine solution be used as part of the chemical preparation of the eye for surgery.

Chemical Preparation of the Eye in Ophthalmic Surgery: III. Effect of Povidone-Iodine on the Conjunctiva

Congenital cataract and intraocular lenses.

Three patients with various manifestations of the amniotic band syndrome associated with strabismus are presented and discussed. All three cases demonstrate a paralytic strabismus due to a unilateral paresis-paralysis of the medial rectus in one case and of the superior rectus in another. The third case showed a bilateral lateral rectus paralysis. In two cases, the strabismus was accompanied by other ocular manifestations, while in one patient strabismus and amblyopia were the sole ophthalmological findings. In two of the cases, a direct association between the mesodermal bands and the strabismus could be established, while in one case this association might have been incidental. Careful ophthalmological followup and treatment of these cases prevented needless loss of vision while appropriate muscle surgery restored acceptable cosmetic appearance in one case.

Amniotic band syndrome and strabismus.

The visual results achieved after surgery in 38 patients with monocular congenital cataract and 34 with binocular congenital cataracts are reported. Thirty-two of the monocular aphakics were corrected postoperatively by contact lenses and six by intraocular lenses. Only one of the 32 eyes corrected with contact lenses achieved a visual acuity of 6/60 and 31 demonstrated a visual acuity lower than 6/60 (20/200). On the other hand, out of the six patients corrected by intraocular lenses, three whose visual acuity could be reliably recorded all achieved a visual acuity better than 6/60 and two of them reached a visual acuity of 6/12(20/40). From our group of patients with binocular congenital cataract it appears that delayed surgery beyond one year of age when the lens opacity allows undisturbed activity resulted in better visual acuity than in eyes whose opacity disturbed the child's activity and necessitated earlier surgery.

Monocular and binocular congenital cataract

Close ophthalmological follow-up of a case of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita disclosed a progressing paresis of the lateral recti, a gradual decrease in the corneal blinking reflex by the age of eight weeks and a clear deterioration of the visual evoked responses by the first 16 weeks of life along with preservation of normal ERG responses. These observations are believed to represent the gradual affection of the motor and sensorial cranial nerves occurring post-natally in this case of AMC.

Juan H. Paez

Papers

Chemical Preparation of the Eye in Ophthalmic Surgery: III. Effect of Povidone-Iodine on the Conjunctiva

Congenital cataract and intraocular lenses.

Amniotic band syndrome and strabismus.

Monocular and binocular congenital cataract

Ocular Findings in Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita