Insect parasitoids have been widely studied, particularly due to their ecological implications through the study of the special relationships observed among this kind of species, as well as to their expression in mathematical models. However, there are still scarce studies on parasitoid relationships and their expression in more realistic mathematical models. The present work is aimed at deepening into competition relationships among parasitoids. Bearing this purpose in mind, the system shaped by two parasitoids was chosen: Trichogramma brassicae (idiobiont egg parasitoid) and Chelonus oculator (koinobiont egg-larval parasitoid). Both species compete against each other for the same host species (Lepidoptera). The results obtained in the laboratory point out that T. brassicae may be considered a better competitor than Ch. oculator. This is the result of the extrinsic competition due to the substances injected by the female during parasitization. However, our results show this classification into better and worse competitors inaccurate. Thus, these interspecific competition influences are detrimental to both parasitoid species. This is the first time that the effect of this competition is mentioned regarding parasitoid functional response. Our results and their ecological implications are reported and discussed.

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Possible effects of inter-specific competition on the coexistence of two parasitoid species: Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko and Chelonus oculator (F.) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae, Braconidae)

Comparative demography of three neotropical larval-prepupal parasitoid species associated with Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Con el objetivo de concentrar la informacion referente a parasitoides reportados para el estado de Nayarit, Mexico se realizo la presente revision. Los insecticidas representan una de las principales armas para el manejo de plagas agricolas, provocan altos costos economicos, contaminacion ambiental, disminucion de organismos beneficos y especies silvestres, intoxicaciones, efectos negativos sobre aplicadores y personas relacionadas con el manejo de plaguicidas y el desarrollo de resistencia a plaguicidas de diversas especies consideradas plaga. Una alternativa ante esta problematica es el uso de organismos beneficos, como son los depredadores, entomopatogenos y parasitoides que brindan la regulacion de la plaga debido a la relacion densodependiente que establecen, no son nocivos para el ser humano y no contaminan. El uso y manejo de enemigos naturales representa una estrategia sustentable, ecologica que no afecta el equilibrio biologico y conocer cuales son los organismos presentes en el estado de Nayarit, ofrece una herramienta tecnica, estrategica para integrar los programas de manejo de plagas agricolas en funcion al comportamiento del organismo plaga y agente de control biologico, cultivo, distribucion, condiciones ambientales optimas y organismos preferenciales para su crecimiento y desarrollo. Se concluye que para el estado de Nayarit Mexico, se tienen reportadas 36 especies de parasitoides que se encuentran de forma natural o fueron introducidos por el ser humano con el objetivo de disminuir la poblacion de alguna plaga.

Control biológico como herramienta sustentable en el manejo de plagas y su uso en el estado de nayarit, méxico biological control as a tool in sustainable pest management and its use in the state of nayarit, mexico

Assessing inoculative releases of Pseudapanteles dignus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) for the biological control of Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

The invention relates to a process for rearing the parasitoid Trichogramma achaeae, the use of Trichogramma achaeae for biological pest control in commercial crops, and a composition comprising Trichogramma achaeae. The invention provides a process for rearing Trichogramma achaeae on the moth Ephestia kuehniella or Sitotroga cerealella as factitious host. Further the invention provides the use of Trichogramma achaeae for biological pest control in commercial crops, wherein Trichogramma achaeae is reared on the moth Ephestia kuehniella or Sitotroga cerealella as factitious host. Also the invention provides a composition comprising: a viable population of Trichogramma achaeae, and the moth Ephestia kuehniella or Sitotroga cerealella as factitious host.

Process for rearing a species of indigenous parasitoid and use thereof for controlling lepidopteran crop pest

Control de plagas y malezas por enemigos naturales.

Resumen Los icneumonidos son avispas parasitoides de importancia en el control biologico de insectos plaga y constituyen una de las familias deHymenoptera con mayor diversidad. El objetivo de esta investigacion fue conocer la diversidad de Ichneumonidae y la relacion con la temperaturaambiental ylaprecipitacionpluvialenunalocalidaddeJaumave,Tamaulipas,Mexico,duranteunano.˜ SecolocounatrampaMalaisea1,450msnmen una asociacion de Pinus nelsonii, P. cembroides y Juniperus accida en una area seca, aunque con una pequena˜ corriente de agua cerca. Serecolectaron 1,115 icneumonidos, de los cuales la subfamilia Cryptinae fue la mejor representada en numero de generos y especies, siendo Pimpla el genero mas abundante y Pachysomoides stupidus la especie con mas individuos. Se encontro una gran diversidad de ejemplares correspondientesa la familia estudiada. La temperatura presento una correlacion alta con la diversidad de Ichneumonidae, la precipitacion pluvial una correlacionmoderada. Tres especies son nuevos registros para Mexico y 5 especies para Tamaulipas, por lo que se conocen 1,298 especies de Ichneumonidaepara el pais. Este trabajo contribuye al conocimiento de Ichneumonidae en areas secas de Mexico.Derechos Reservados © 2015 Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Instituto de Biologia. Este es un articulo de acceso abierto distribuidobajo los terminos de la Licencia Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.

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Diversidad de Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) en un bosque de Pinus spp. y Juniperus flaccida en Jaumave, Tamaulipas, México Diversity of Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) in a Pinus spp. and Juniperus flaccida forest in Jaumave, Tamaulipas, Mexico

This book represents a monographic review of Microterys nietneri (Motschulsky, 1859) (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Encyrtidae), an important parasitoid of the soft brown scale Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae) on citrus and some other cultivated plants. The species was described from the mountains of Sri Lanka. Its home region is postulated to be South-East Asia. M. nietneri penetrated by ecesis (with its hosts) to many subtropical and some tropical regions of the world including Mexico, and has been purposely introduced into Australia and New Zealand. The book is based on large materials from different museums of the world and on own materials and observations, contains general information on M. nietneri as well as data on its geographic distribution and probable ways of ecesis, specialization of parasitism, supposed caces, pre-imaginal stages, and on particularities of the biology and practical use of this benefical insect in various regions and countries, including its application in greenhouses and in integrated pest management. The cited literature includes 170 sources.

Microterys niet1veri (motschulsky, 1859), parasitoide eficiente de coccidae, especialmente en cítricos

Ants are insects participating in many of the terrestrial food chains; some species are pests, others are natural enemies of diverse arthropods. The objective of this article is to inform about the genera and species of ants that occurrs in the Insects Museum of the Facultad de Agronomía [today Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias (FIC)] of the Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas (MIFA-UAT) and the records to the State of Tamaulipas, Mexico. Material of Formicidae in MIFA was determined taxonomically and it was compiled information about Formicidae in different collections and publications in Mexico, it was found than in the State of Tamaulipas, ants have been collected for more than two decades and than this family is represented by nine subfamilies, 53 genera and 155 species, and in MIFA-UAT by eigth subfamilies, 35 genera and 60 species. Genera with more diversity are Pheidole (20 species), Pseudomyrmex (12), Neivamyrmex (11), Camponotus (10) and ■ II ISSN 2007-7521. 7(2): 12-17 (Ene-Jun 2013)

Formicidae (hymenoptera) del estado de tamaulipas, méxico formicidae (hymenoptera) from the state of tamaulipas, mexico

* Universitat de Barcelona. Facultat de Biologia. Departament de Biologia Animal. Avda. Diagional-645. 08028 Barcelona. Catalunya. ** Instituto de Fitosanidad. Programa de Entomología y Acarología. Colegio de Postgraduados. Campus Montecillo. Km 36.5 Carretera México-Texcoco. Montecillo. C.P. 56230 Texcoco. Estado de México. *** Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias. Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas. Centro Universitario. 87149 Cd. Victoria. Tamaulipas. México.

http://diposit.ub.edu/dspace/bitstream/2445/116636/1/671177.pdf

Juana María Coronado-Blanco

Papers

Control de plagas y malezas por enemigos naturales.

Diversidad de Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) en un bosque de Pinus spp. y Juniperus flaccida en Jaumave, Tamaulipas, México Diversity of Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) in a Pinus spp. and Juniperus flaccida forest in Jaumave, Tamaulipas, Mexico

Microterys niet1veri (motschulsky, 1859), parasitoide eficiente de coccidae, especialmente en cítricos

Formicidae (hymenoptera) del estado de tamaulipas, méxico formicidae (hymenoptera) from the state of tamaulipas, mexico

Andricus tamaulipensis Pujade-Villar nom. nov. para Disholcaspis mexicana (Beutenmüller, 1911) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)