This article synthesizes the large but diverse literature on organizational legitimacy, highlighting similarities and disparities among the leading strategic and institutional approaches. The analysis identifies three primary forms of legitimacy: pragmatic, based on audience self-interest; moral, based on normative approval: and cognitive, based on comprehensibility and taken-for-grantedness. The article then examines strategies for gaining, maintaining, and repairing legitimacy of each type, suggesting both the promises and the pitfalls of such instrumental manipulations.

https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/258788.pdf

Managing Legitimacy: Strategic and Institutional Approaches

To assess the effects of a firm's network of relations on innovation, this paper elaborates a theoretical framework that relates three aspects of a firm's ego network—direct ties, indirect ties, an...

/pdf/collaboration-networks-structural-holes-and-innovation-a-43oz2jtxxk.pdf

Collaboration Networks, Structural Holes, and Innovation: A Longitudinal Study:

Summary Guidance is provided in a European setting on the assessment and treatment of postmenopausal women with or at risk from osteoporosis. Introduction The European Foundation for Osteoporosis and Bone disease (subsequently the International Osteopo- rosis Foundation) published guidelines for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in 1997. This manuscript updates these in a European setting. Methods The following areas are reviewed: the role of bone mineral density measurement for the diagnosis of osteoporo- sis and assessment of fracture risk; general and pharmaco- logical management of osteoporosis; monitoring of treatment; assessment of fracture risk; case finding strategies; investigation of patients; health economics of treatment. Results and conclusions A platform is provided on which specific guidelines can be developed for national use.

/pdf/european-guidance-for-the-diagnosis-and-management-of-bexvs3o205.pdf

European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women

https://www.cell.com/cell/pdf/S0092-8674(00)81558-5.pdf

Leptin Inhibits Bone Formation through a Hypothalamic Relay: A Central Control of Bone Mass

The importance of tacit knowledge in organizational learning and innovation has become the focus of considerable attention in the recent literature. Our understanding of the nature of the links between tacit knowledge and organizational learning, however, has been hampered by the lack of a conceptual framework integrating micro-level learning activities with organizational forms and macro-level societal institutions. This paper seeks to achieve such an integrative task. It argues that there is an interactive relationship between dominant knowledge types and organizational forms. Further, the extent to which tacit knowledge constitutes the knowledge base of the firm, and how it is formed and used are powerfully shaped by the broader institutional context. The paper develops a four-fold typology at the cognitive, organizational and societal levels, as an analytical framework to explain the links between knowledge types, organizational forms and societal institutions. It shows how the three levels interact t...

Tacit Knowledge, Organizational Learning and Societal Institutions: An Integrated Framework

A pair of consensus development conferences held in the United States and in Sweden presented an unusual opportunity for a cross-cultural study of technology transfer The two conferences were based...

Consensus Development Conference A Cross-Cultural Study

Silicon Valley Fever: Growth of High-technology Culture

Review Essay : Knowledge Utilization: What Is It?

Information is one of the factors contributing to decision making, along with political, socioeconomic, organizational, and temporal factors. Given the multiple variables and the interaction among them, there is no one outcome that exclusively qualifies as “use” and no one time that defines when the information must be “used.” There is little doubt that different outcomes are apparent at different points. The present research studied information utilization in 39 local mental health agencies over an eight-month period. Patterns of information use and nonuse over time were investigated. Results indicate that many organizations still were in the process of making information use decisions eight months following presentation of the information. Furthermore, high rates of information use were likely to be associated with information that was relatively easy to implement. By contrast, reports of low information use generally involved information of greater scope and ideas that were more difficult to implement.

Effect of Time on Information Utilization

The consensus development process is a unique means of technology assessment to facilitate the transfer of biomedical research results into practice. It has been developed in recent years and implemented by the Office for Medical Applications of Research (OMAR), National Institutes of Health (NIH). 1,2 During 1982, a consensus development conference on hip joint replacement was held in the United States, and, two months later, a similar conference on this topic was held in Sweden. In this editorial we present our analysis of these two consensus development conferences and draw conclusions about the cross-cultural functioning of the consensus development process in two quite different cultures with sharply contrasting health care systems. It is clear that in spite of these important differences, the consensus development process carried out in contrasting settings produces consensus statements that are remarkably similar. Cross-cultural Study of Consensus Development Conferences Early this year, a pair of Consensus

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/378749/jama_248_15_031.pdf

Judith K. Larsen

Papers

Consensus Development Conference A Cross-Cultural Study

Silicon Valley Fever: Growth of High-technology Culture

Review Essay : Knowledge Utilization: What Is It?

Effect of Time on Information Utilization

The Consensus Development Process for Medical Technologies: A Cross-cultural Comparison of Sweden and the United States