To date, many important threads of information privacy research have developed, but these threads have not been woven together into a cohesive fabric. This paper provides an interdisciplinary review of privacy-related research in order to enable a more cohesive treatment. With a sample of 320 privacy articles and 128 books and book sections, we classify previous literature in two ways: (1) using an ethics-based nomenclature of normative, purely descriptive, and empirically descriptive, and (2) based on their level of analysis: individual, group, organizational, and societal.

Based upon our analyses via these two classification approaches, we identify three major areas in which previous research contributions reside: the conceptualization of information privacy, the relationship between information privacy and other constructs, and the contextual nature of these relationships.

As we consider these major areas, we draw three overarching conclusions. First, there are many theoretical developments in the body of normative and purely descriptive studies that have not been addressed in empirical research on privacy. Rigorous studies that either trace processes associated with, or test implied assertions from, these value-laden arguments could add great value. Second, some of the levels of analysis have received less attention in certain contexts than have others in the research to date. Future empirical studies-both positivist and interpretive--could profitably be targeted to these under-researched levels of analysis. Third, positivist empirical studies will add the greatest value if they focus on antecedents to privacy concerns and on actual outcomes. In that light, we recommend that researchers be alert to an overarching macro model that we term APCO (Antecedents → Privacy Concerns → Outcomes).

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Information privacy research: an interdisciplinary review

“Would you tell me, please, which way I ought to go from here?” Alice asked the Cheshire Cat. “That depends a good deal on where you want to get to,” said the Cat. “I don't much care where...” said Alice. “Then it doesn't matter which way you go,” said the Cat. (Carroll, 1983: 72)

Toward A Unified Conception Of Business Ethics: Integrative Social Contracts Theory

For forty years, successive editions of Ethical Theory and Business have helped to define the field of business ethics. The 10th edition reflects the current, multidisciplinary nature of the field by explicitly embracing a variety of perspectives on business ethics, including philosophy, management, and legal studies. Chapters integrate theoretical readings, case studies, and summaries of key legal cases to guide students to a rich understanding of business ethics, corporate responsibility, and sustainability. The 10th edition has been entirely updated, ensuring that students are exposed to key ethical questions in the current business environment. New chapters cover the ethics of IT, ethical markets, and ethical management and leadership. Coverage includes climate change, sustainability, international business ethics, sexual harassment, diversity, and LGBTQ discrimination. New case studies draw students directly into recent business ethics controversies, such as sexual harassment at Fox News, consumer fraud at Wells Fargo, and business practices at Uber.

Ethical Theory and Business

nternet users are concerned about the privacy of information they supply to Web sites, not only in terms of personal data, but information that Web sites may derive by tracking their online activities [7]. Many online privacy concerns arise because it is difficult for users to obtain information about actual Web site information practices. Few Web sites post privacy policies, 1 and even when they are posted, users do not always find them trustworthy or understandable. Thus, there is often a one-way mirror effect: Web sites ask users to provide personal information, but users have little knowledge about how their information will be used. Understandably, this lack of knowledge leads to confusion and mistrust. The WorldWide Web Consortium (W3C)'s Platform for Privacy Preferences Project (P3P) provides a framework for informed online interactions. The goal of P3P is to enable users to exercise preferences over Web site privacy practices at the Web sites. P3P applications will allow users to be informed about Web site practices , delegate decisions to their computer agent when they wish, and tailor relationships with specific sites. We believe users' confidence in online transactions will increase when they are presented with meaningful information and choices about Web site privacy practices. P3P is not a silver bullet; it is complemented by other technologies as well as regulatory and self-regulatory approaches to privacy. Some technologies have the ability to technically preclude practices that may be unacceptable to a user. For example, digital cash, anonymizers, and encryp-tion limit the information the recipient or eaves-droppers can collect during an interaction. Laws and industry guidelines codify and enforce expectations regarding information practices as the default or baseline for interactions. A compelling feature of P3P is that localized decision making enables flexibility in a medium that encompasses diverse preferences, cultural norms, and regulatory jurisdictions. However, for P3P to be effective, users must be willing and able to make meaningful decisions when presented with disclosures. This requires the existence of easy-to-use tools that allow P3P P Pr ri iv va ac cy y P Pr re ef fe er re en nc ce es s Web sites can bolster user confidence by clarifying their privacy practices upfront, allowing visitors to become active players in the decision-making process. 49 users to delegate much of the information processing and decision making to their computer agents when they wish, as well as a framework promoting the use …

The platform for privacy preferences

Taking Rights Seriously.

Basic Rights: Subsistence, Affluence, and U.S. Foreign Policy@@@Rights

I would recommend this book as a valuable resource for teachers of management ethics and those seeking ethical management knowledge and applications for use in a wider variety of management teaching contexts. I feel it would have greater usefulness to them than to younger students as a classroom textbook. It has a well-structured, logical framework and plan, which is supported by clear diagrams, excellent discussion questions and experiential exercises for use with classes or smaller groups of students. The first section is a careful, step-by-step, orderly exposition of the stated themes. It provides detailed explanations of relevant theoretical models and concepts. The regularity of structure helps the readers to know exactly what to expect in forthcoming chapters. Each chapter has a brief and clear summary at beginning and end with discussion questions and experiential exercises. These help to draw together the learning of the chapter and make practical application of the concepts contained within it to personal life experiences and to one or more relevant minicase(s) from the second section of the book. The applications section is of great value and interest, containing a wide variety of actual organisational events to illustrate managerial integrity (or lack of it) in the workplace, and demonstrate the vital nature of an ethical approach to each of the functions of management. Of particular usefulness is the collection of interesting contemporary cases from a wide variety of actual situations. These are of differing lengths, which makes them suitable for multiple purposes (in classes, as assignments, for discussion groups or for exam purposes). I feel that the intended audience of the book, as stated by the authors, was rather too general, and doubt its applicability to such a wide variety of readers. The book represents an invaluable resource of applications, exercises and thought-provoking discussion questions, and, as such would be of great benefit to management educators of a broad range of students.

In Pursuit of Privacy: Law, Ethics, and the Rise of Technology

Part 1 PART I: Commentary Chapter 2 Introduction Chapter 3 Faculty Unions: Background and History Chapter 4 Arguments For and Against Faculty Unions, and The Problem of Legitimacy Chapter 5 The Yeshiva Decision and Unions at Private Institutions Chapter 6 Major Effects of Faculty Unionization Chapter 7 Unionization Among Part-Time Faculty Chapter 8 Graduate Student Unions Chapter 9 Unionization for Undergraduate RAs: One Case Study Chapter 10 Conclusion Part 11 PART II: Selected Readings Part 12 Section I: Faculty Unions and Academic Politics Chapter 13 Professors, Unions, and American Higher Education: "Concluding Observations" Chapter 14 Academic Politics: "Faculty Unions and the Academic Perception" Chapter 15 "Restoring Sanity to an Academic World Gone Mad" Chapter 16 "Are Unions Good for Professors?" Part 17 Section II: Faculty Unions and the Legal Landscape Chapter 18 "Collective Bargaining and the Professoriate: What the Law Says" Chapter 19 "The Yeshiva Faculty Union: Tales Told Out of School" Part 20 Section III: Unionization and Part-Time Faculty Chapter 21 "To Many Adjuncts, Academic Freedom is a Myth: As the ranks of part-timers swell, they lament how easily colleges can dump them" Chapter 22 "The AAUP Organizes Part-Time Faculty: An Experiment in Community Responsibility Suggests that Part- and Full-Time Faculty Can Enrich Another's Professional Lives" Part 24 Selected Bibliography

Unionization in the Academy: Visions and Realities

The scope of privacy in law and ethics

I first discuss reasons for feminists to attend to the role of women in the military, despite past emphasis on antimilitarism. I then focus on the exclusion of women from combat duty, reviewing its sanction by the U.S. Supreme Court and the history of its adoption. I present arguments favoring the exclusion, defending strong replies to each, and demonstrate that reasoning from related cases and feminist analyses of equality explain why exclusion remains entrenched.

Judith Wagner DeCew

Papers

Basic Rights: Subsistence, Affluence, and U.S. Foreign Policy@@@Rights

In Pursuit of Privacy: Law, Ethics, and the Rise of Technology

Unionization in the Academy: Visions and Realities

The scope of privacy in law and ethics

The Combat Exclusion and the Role of Women in the Military