There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

We present an overview of the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), a parallel and efficient algorithm for simulating single-phase and multiphase fluid flows and for incorporating additional physical complexities. The LBM is especially useful for modeling complicated boundary conditions and multiphase interfaces. Recent extensions of this method are described, including simulations of fluid turbulence, suspension flows, and reaction diffusion systems.

Lattice boltzmann method for fluid flows

We critically review dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) as a mesoscopic simulation method. We have established useful parameter ranges for simulations, and have made a link between these parameters and χ-parameters in Flory-Huggins-type models. This is possible because the equation of state of the DPD fluid is essentially quadratic in density. This link opens the way to do large scale simulations, effectively describing millions of atoms, by firstly performing simulations of molecular fragments retaining all atomistic details to derive χ-parameters, then secondly using these results as input to a DPD simulation to study the formation of micelles, networks, mesophases and so forth. As an example application, we have calculated the interfacial tension σ between homopolymer melts as a function of χ and N and have found a universal scaling collapse when σ/ρkBTχ0.4 is plotted against χN for N>1. We also discuss the use of DPD to simulate the dynamics of mesoscopic systems, and indicate a possible problem with...

https://www.physics.iitm.ac.in/~iol/lecture_notes/groot-warren.pdf

Dissipative particle dynamics : bridging the gap between atomistic and mesoscopic simulation

We consider the neutral, one-dimensional Falicov-Kimball model at zero temperature in the limit of a large electron--ion attractive potential, U. By calculating the general n-ion interaction terms to leading order in 1/U we argue that the ground-state of the model exhibits the behavior of a complete devil's staircase.

https://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/9612137.pdf

A complete devil's staircase in the Falicov-Kimball model

We discuss the behaviour of two-dimensional directed vesicles in the presence of an attractive surface. The variation of the binding potential with osmotic pressure difference is calculated and shown to exhibit surprisingly complex behaviour.

Adsorption transition of directed vesicles in two dimensions

We present and interpret lattice Boltzmann simulations of thick films spreading on surfaces patterned with polygonal posts. We show that the mechanism of pinning and depinning differs with the direction of advance, and demonstrate that this leads to anisotropic spreading within a certain range of material contact angles.

Anisotropic imbibition on surfaces patterned with polygonal posts

Lattice Boltzmann simulations of complex fluids

Near the directed percolation threshold, pd, the wetting velocity upsilon scales as (1- upsilon ) approximately (pd-p)theta . The authors extrapolate from calculations on strips of finite width to show that, on the two-dimensional square lattice theta =1.73+or-0.02. This agrees with a scaling argument by Barma and Ray (Phys. Rev. B., vol.34, p.3403, 1986) which predicts theta = nu /sub ///.

Julia M. Yeomans

Papers

A complete devil's staircase in the Falicov-Kimball model

Adsorption transition of directed vesicles in two dimensions

Anisotropic imbibition on surfaces patterned with polygonal posts

Lattice Boltzmann simulations of complex fluids

Wetting velocity near the directed percolation threshold