Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationships between determinants and primary antecedents of advertising and attitudes to advertising in the context of European Union accession countries.Design/methodology/approach – Drawing on data from consumer surveys conducted in the major urban areas of Bulgaria and Romania the study conceptualises an extended version of Pollay and Mittal's model of beliefs and attitudes toward advertising. It tests a comprehensive range of attitudes toward the institution of advertising and its instruments in each country to identify similarities and differences in consumer perceptions.Findings – Findings confirm that consumers in the two countries are more positive about advertising as an institution than the instruments used to promote advertising. While product information acquisition is the main personal use of advertising which influences general attitudes to advertising in Bulgaria, the entertaining value of advertising was found the strongest personal u...

Determinants and antecedents of general attitudes towards advertising - A study of two EU accession countries

Using an exploratory qualitative approach based on in-depth interviews with 38 junior and middle managers, and informed by institutional theory, this article explores how Nigerian managers conceptualise career success. Results indicate that in contrast to some Western-based research, managers prioritise ‘objective’ (e.g. achieving financial stability) over ‘subjective’ (e.g. achieving work–life balance) career outcomes. Results also indicate that the well-applied dichotomy between objective and subjective measures is insufficient to capture the complexities and nuances observed in the Nigeria context. We thus propose four ‘domains’ of career success to include personal and relational dimensions in addition to the subjective/objective criteria. This we argue is a more comprehensive, integrative and contextually sensitive ‘frame’ for the analysis of career outcomes. Our findings suggest that scholars and multinational companies interested in expanding their operations to emerging economies need to incorpora...

Four ‘domains’ of career success: how managers in Nigeria evaluate career outcomes

This article focuses on the recent phenomenon of an increasing number of Chinese students choosing to pursue their higher education in the UK. It explores those factors shaping both the students' decision to study in the UK and their preference to eventually live and work either in China or abroad. In addition, it examines the levels of (and reasons for) the career optimism/pessimism that these students feel. Inter alia, the study finds that it is the search for a quality higher education and a desire to improve their foreign language skills that cause these students to both look abroad and specifically choose the UK for their studies. UK degrees are seen as having greater career value than Chinese degrees. The majority feel that several years of living and working abroad would be best for their career prospects. The UK, USA and Australia are seen as the top three expatriation destinations. Finally, when considering their careers, more are optimistic than are pessimistic, especially the female students.

Chinese Students Abroad: Why They Choose the UK and How They See Their Future

This study explores what Korean employees prefer as organizational interventions that influence their career development, according to their personal interpretation of career success. A quantitative sample survey was designed from a Korean wireless communications company using a survey instrument. The findings of this study contributed to the validation of theoretical discussions on the association of individuals and organizational career development interventions, implying that organizations need to design their career mobility systems or performance incentive systems in accordance with employees’ career orientations.

Organizational interventions influencing employee career development preferred by different career success orientations

Investigates how Korean women employees define their success at work, and how those definitions differ by demographic variables, such as age, years of work experience, marital status, and education level. The instrument used is the modified Career Success Map Questionnaire, which was originally developed to measure people's career success orientation. A sample survey was conducted with a sample of Korean women employees in a large Korean bank. Implies, when comparing the results with other studies sampling both men and women (or women only) in either a US or Korean context, that women's career perceptions and career success in a specific culture could differ from those in the same culture, as well as in another culture. Therefore, it is advised that theories should not make the same assumptions regarding career phenomena cross‐culturally, in addition to cross‐gender. Moreover, the managerial implications of this study indicate that organizations can motivate employees with different incentives and options according to their internal orientations, which may differ by gender and cultural background.

Career success orientation of Korean women bank employees

This article offers an exploratory first look at the career‐related perceptions and strategies of young careerists in today’s democratic and market‐oriented Bulgaria. It identifies major social, political and economic developments that have shaped the Bulgarian nation and presents and discusses survey data which reveal factors influencing careerists’ thoughts and decisions, levels of (and reasons for) career optimism‐pessimism, and strategies used in the pursuit of career advancement. Where appropriate, comparative data are employed from two previous studies – one focusing on UK careerists, the other on Ethiopian careerists. The young Bulgarian careerists of the current study are relatively pessimistic about their career prospects and, while they report that they utilise the same seven career strategies that are common in the USA and the UK, they also suggest that “corruption” is an important additional career strategy in modern Bulgaria.

Career perceptions and strategies in the new market‐oriented Bulgaria: an exploratory study

Contributing Authors and Commentators: Barben Daniel, Cont in Marco, Cut ura Marij a, Domany Bruno, Dorondel St efan, Egner Heike, Gaj ski Goran, Garcia-Sant os Glenda, Gueorguiev Tzvetel in, Hart l Mart ina, Hein Thomas, Hudecz Ferenc, Ivan Oana, Jelen Igor, Jungmeier Michael, Kopl iku Bresena, Laci Sabri, Lenhardt Mirj ana, Tamáska Mát é David, Mihalca Andrei, Miho Aleko, Papp Leila, Pet rovic Ana, Pont Didier, Pop Ana-Maria, Popova Jul iana, Sandu Crist ina, Sendzimir Jan, Šmid Hribar Mat ej a, St oica Georget a, St öglehner Gernot , Tabakovic Momir, Terzic Aleksandra, Torkar Gregor, Žlender Vita, Zoj er Hans

Juliana Popova

Papers

Career perceptions and strategies in the new market‐oriented Bulgaria: an exploratory study

Danube:Future. White Paper on Integrated Sustainable Development of the Danube River Basin