‘The Production of Space’, in: Frans Jacobi, Imagine, Space Poetry, Copenhagen, 1996, unpaginated.

The Production of Space

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.2307%2F3343168.pdf

Development as Freedom

The present historical moment may seem a particularly inopportune time to review Bowling Alone, Robert Putnam's latest exploration of civic decline in America. After all, the outpouring of volunteerism, solidarity, patriotism, and self-sacrifice displayed by Americans in the wake of the September 11 terrorist attacks appears to fly in the face of Putnam's central argument: that \"social capital\" -defined as \"social networks and the norms of reciprocity and trustworthiness that arise from them\" (p. 19)'has declined to dangerously low levels in America over the last three decades. However, Putnam is not fazed in the least by the recent effusion of solidarity. Quite the contrary, he sees in it the potential to \"reverse what has been a 30to 40-year steady decline in most measures of connectedness or community.\"' As an example of how the current \"war on terrorism\" could generate a durable civic renewal, Putnam points to the burst in civic practices that occurred during and after World War II, which he says \"permanently marked\" the generation that lived through it and had a \"terrific effect on American public life over the last half-century.\" 3 If Americans can follow this example and channel their current civic

Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community

We may not be able to make you love reading, but archaeology of knowledge will lead you to love reading starting from now. Book is the window to open the new world. The world that you want is in the better stage and level. World will always guide you to even the prestige stage of the life. You know, this is some of how reading will give you the kindness. In this case, more books you read more knowledge you know, but it can mean also the bore is full.

The archaeology of knowledge

Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity

This article examines how the development of inclusive education policies has been constrained by the adhesion of traditional regular and special education imperatives. The fragmentation of educational policy-making presses us towards exclusion; and the protection of professional interests reinforces individual pathologies and creates further exclusionary pressures. The authors contend that inclusive education is not a linear progression from 'special educational needs' and we must endeavour to understand the very different nature of these knowledge bases. Deconstruction is presented as a way of exposing exclusion as it is inscribed within inclusive education policies. The article ends with a series of openings for dialogue about inclusion which address the relationship between ideas and politics; a new politics of research; envisioning forms of schooling which eschew the modernist blueprint; reflexivity; and the teaching of inclusion.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09620210100200073

Excluding the included: A reconsideration of inclusive education

This book is about 11 pupils with special needs, who were actively seeking inclusion in
mainstream schools. The voices of the pupils and their mainstream peers are foregrounded
and read alongside those of other interested parties—teachers, other professionals and
parents—as well as the more formal discourses of special needs.

/pdf/actively-seeking-inclusion-pupils-with-special-needs-in-v52kwfxqx9.pdf

Actively Seeking Inclusion: Pupils with Special Needs in Mainstream Schools

Doing Inclusive Education Research

This article charts the emergence of the sociology of disability and examines the areas of contestation. These have involved a series of erasures and absences – the removal of the body from debates on the social model of disability; the disappearance of the Other from educational policies and practices; and the absence of academics from political discourses and action. The paper considers the contribution of the sociology of disability to inclusive education and examines some of the objections currently being voiced. It ends with some reflections on the possibilities for academics within the sociology of disability to pursue alternative forms of engagement and outlines a series of duties that they might undertake.

/pdf/the-sociology-of-disability-and-the-struggle-for-inclusive-n20ea09j6b.pdf

The sociology of disability and the struggle for inclusive education

Research on children with special educational needs in mainstream schools, based on simplistic notions of integration, has revealed very little about the nature of their school experiences. A Foucauldian perspective is proposed as an alternative, and the relevance of his methodology, which focuses on formal and informal discourses, and his analyses (particularly of medicine, madness and discipline) is discussed. It is argued that Foucault offers a set of strategies or a 'box of tools' (1977a, p. 205) for understanding how the discourses on special educational needs construct both the pupils' experiences in mainstream schools and their identities, as constructed subjects and objects of knowledge. The paper ends with a brief illustration, from work in progress, of what a Foucauldian analysis might look like.

Julie Allan

Papers

Excluding the included: A reconsideration of inclusive education

Actively Seeking Inclusion: Pupils with Special Needs in Mainstream Schools

Doing Inclusive Education Research

The sociology of disability and the struggle for inclusive education

Foucault and Special Educational Needs: A 'box of tools' for analysing children's experiences of mainstreaming