I explore the connection between income inequality and health in both poor and rich countries. I discuss a range of mechanisms, including nonlinear income effects, credit restrictions, nutritional traps, public goods provision, and relative deprivation. I review the evidence on the effects of income inequality on the rate of decline of mortality over time, on geographical pattens of mortality, and on individual-level mortality. Much of the literature needs to be treated skeptically, if only because of the low quality of much of the data on income inequality. Although there are many puzzles that remain, I conclude that there is no direct link from income inequality to ill-health; individuals are no more likely to die if they live in more unequal places. The raw correlations that are sometimes found are likely the result of factors other than income inequality, some of which are intimately linked to broader notions of inequality and unfairness. That income inequality itself is not a health risk does not deny the importance for health of other inequalities, nor of the social environment. Whether income redistribution can improve population health does not depend on a direct effect of income inequality and remains an open question.

Health, Inequality, and Economic Development

Although stigma is considered a major barrier to effective responses to the HIV/AIDS epidemic, stigma reduction efforts are relegated to the bottom of AIDS programme priorities. The complexity of HIV/AIDS-related stigma is often cited as a primary reason for the limited response to this pervasive ph

/pdf/stigma-in-the-hiv-aids-epidemic-a-review-of-the-literature-3qixih8a12.pdf

Stigma in the HIV/AIDS epidemic: a review of the literature and recommendations for the way forward.

Structural competency: Theorizing a new medical engagement with stigma and inequality

Preface Preface to the Second Edition Preface to 3.0 Theories Mass Tourism Economies Working under the Gaze Changing Tourist Cultures Places, Buildings and Design Vision and Photography Performances Risks and Futures

The tourist gaze 3.0

https://www.who.int/medicines/areas/policy/access_noncommunicable/FarmeretalExpansionCancerCareLancet.pdf

Expansion of cancer care and control in countries of low and middle income: a call to action.

Paul Farmer 

![Graphic][1] University of California Press, £18.95, pp 375

ISBN 0520215443

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The slogan of the otherwise successful 11th World Conference on AIDS, held in 1996 in Vancouver, Canada, was “One World, One Hope.” This book reminds us that not one but two worlds exist and that, at least for the moment, there is almost no hope for one of them. Through his description of the sociocultural environment of one of the world's poorest countries, Haiti, and of two highly prevalent diseases there, tuberculosis and AIDS, Paul Farmer, an experienced medical anthropologist, shows that …

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Book: Infections and Inequalities: The Modern Plagues

Reuben Granich, Jonathan Mermin 

Stanford University Press, £8.95, pp 256

ISBN 08047 3351 1

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A striking paradox of our time is that, for many conditions, medical resources are not allocated to the most pressing conditions. One of these conditions is, of course, HIV infection. In addition to the extraordinarily limited resources for diagnosis and treatment of HIV infection and its associated complications in the developing world, there is also a lack of basic information available …

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/pdf/hiv-health-and-your-community-a-guide-for-action-33pxowt8k3.pdf

HIV, Health and your Community: A Guide for Action

Luc Montagnier, Stephen Sartarelli (translator) ![][1] 

W W Norton, £18.95, pp 224

ISBN 0 393 03923 4

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HIV has generated a huge amount of literature in the relatively short period of time since AIDS was first described. Investigators quickly discovered the aetiological agent of this new and deadly disease, established its main genotypic determinants, and found an effective treatment—an amazing record in the field of virology. …

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https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/321/7266/966.1.full.pdf

Julio Collazos

Papers

Book: Infections and Inequalities: The Modern Plagues

HIV, Health and your Community: A Guide for Action

Virus: The Co-Discoverer of HIV Tracks Its Rampage and Charts the Future