Júlio Rique

TL;DR: The Enright Forgiveness Inventory (EFI) was used to verify relationships between forgiveness and degree of injury to the agents of hurt and also the degree of affect, behavior and judgment from victims towards their offenders as discussed by the authors.

Abstract: Research on children’s Emotion Understanding (EU) has been dominated by middle-class samples from Western societies. We studied cultural and Socioeconomic Status (SES) variation in young children’s EU in a high SES sample (n = 50) and a low SES sample (n = 50) of Brazilian preschoolers using the Test of Emotion Comprehension. We found that the high SES sample performed better at both the overall and component levels than the low SES sample on EU. The differences were especially substantial for the recognition of basic emotions, with the low SES children recognizing negative emotions better than positive and neutral emotions. In addition, we compared the two SES samples of Brazilian children to same-age samples from Norway, Italy and Peru. Between the Brazilian and the European samples and the Brazilian and other non-European samples, the variation in EU was observed to be more related to SES than to culture.

TL;DR: In this paper, the Enright Forgiveness Inventory (EFI) was reduced from 60 to 30 items for a more practical assessment of interpersonal forgiveness, and the process of item reduction was described.

TL;DR: The authors compared the moral thinking of young Brazilians in the 1970s and 1980s with 97 young adults of the year 2011 with an average age of 19 years, who answered the Moral Judgment Interview-MJI. They discussed the differences in moral thought and conceptions of justice based on the interpretation of that moral thinking toward respect for law, order and authority, overlaps the respect for basic civil rights and duties.