A flow sensor includes a fluid chamber configured to receive a fluid. A diaphragm assembly is configured to be displaced whenever the fluid within the fluid chamber is displaced. A transducer assembly is configured to monitor the displacement of the diaphragm assembly and generate a signal based, at least in part, upon the quantity of fluid displaced within the fluid chamber.

Product dispensing system

A method including receiving a receiver report from a terminal; estimating one or more network conditions of a media network based at least in part on the receiver report; determining an optimal session bitrate based on the estimated one or more network conditions; and providing media data to the terminal based on the optimal session bitrate.

Adaptive bitrate management for streaming media over packet networks

The speech encoding apparatus (220) has a first layer encoding section (2201), a first layer decoding section (2202), a delay section (2203), a subtracting section (104), a frequency domain transforming section (101), a second layer encoding section (105) and a multiplexing section (106).

Encoding device, decoding device, and method thereof

The present invention teaches a new audio coding system that can code both general audio and speech signals well at low bit rates. A proposed audio coding system comprises linear prediction unit for filtering an input signal based on an adaptive filter; a transformation unit for transforming a frame of the filtered input signal into a transform domain; and a quantization unit for quantizing the transform domain signal. The quantization unit decides, based on input signal characteristics, to encode the transform domain signal with a model-based quantizer or a non-model-based quantizer. Preferably, the decision is based on the frame size applied by the transformation unit.

Audio encoder and decoder

An audio encoder (109) has a hierarchical encoding structure and generates a data stream comprising one or more audio channels as well as parametric audio encoding data. The encoder (109) comprises an encoding structure processor (305) which inserts decoder tree structure data into the data stream. The decoder tree structure data comprises at least one data value indicative of a channel split characteristic for an audio channel at a hierarchical layer of the hierarchical decoder structure and may specifically specify the decoder tree structures to be applied by a decoder. A decoder (115) comprises a receiver (401) which receives the data stream and a decoder structure processor (405) for generating the hierarchical decoder structure in response to the decoder tree structure data. A decode processor (403) then generates output audio channels from the data stream using the hierarchical decoder structure.

Audio encoding and decoding

An system, method, and method of encoding/decoding a multi-channel audio signal, including a decoding level generation unit producing decoding-level information that helps a bitstream including a number of audio channel signals and space information to be decoded into a number of audio channel signals, wherein the space information includes information about magnitude differences and/or similarities between channels, and an audio decoder decoding the bitstream according to the decoding-level information. Accordingly, even a single input bitstream can be decoded into a suitable number of channels depending on the type of a speaker configuration used. Scalable channel decoding can be achieved by partially decoding an input bitstream. In the scalable channel decoding, a decoder may set decoding levels and outputs audio channel signals according to the decoding levels, thereby reducing decoding complexity.

System, medium and method of encoding/decoding multi-channel audio signals

Adaptive time/frequency-based audio encoding and decoding apparatuses and methods. The encoding apparatus includes a transformation & mode determination unit to divide an input audio signal into a plurality of frequency-domain signals and to select a time-based encoding mode or a frequency-based encoding mode for each respective frequency-domain signal, an encoding unit to encode each frequency-domain signal in the respective encoding mode, and a bitstream output unit to output encoded data, division information, and encoding mode information for each respective frequency-domain signal. In the apparatuses and methods, acoustic characteristics and a voicing model are simultaneously applied to a frame, which is an audio compression processing unit. As a result, a compression method effective for both music and voice can be produced, and the compression method can be used for mobile terminals that require audio compression at a low bit rate.

Adaptive time/frequency-based audio encoding and decoding apparatuses and methods

A multichannel audio data encoding and/or decoding method and apparatus. The encoding method includes: encoding mono and/or stereo audio data; and encoding extended multichannel audio data other than the mono and/or stereo audio data. The decoding method includes: decoding mono and/or stereo audio data; examining whether there is extended multichannel audio data to be decoded other than the mono and/or stereo audio data; and when there is extended data to be decoded, decoding the extended multichannel audio data.

Multichannel audio data encoding/decoding method and apparatus

A lossless audio coding and/or decoding method and apparatus are provided. The coding method includes: mapping the audio signal in the frequency domain having an integer value into a bit-plane signal with respect to the frequency; obtaining a most significant bit and a Golomb parameter for each bit-plane; selecting a binary sample on a bit-plane to be coded in the order from the most significant bit to the least significant bit and from a lower frequency component to a higher frequency component; calculating the context of the selected binary sample by using significances of already coded bit-planes for each of a plurality of frequency lines existing in the vicinity of a frequency line to which the selected binary sample belongs; selecting a probability model by using the obtained Golomb parameter and the calculated contexts; and lossless-coding the binary sample by using the selected probability model. According to the method and apparatus, a compression ratio better than that of the bit-plane Golomb code (BPGC) is provided through context-based coding method having optimal performance.

Lossless audio coding/decoding method and apparatus

An method and apparatus to extract an audio signal having an important spectral component (ISC) and a low bit-rate audio signal coding/decoding method using the method and apparatus to extract the ISC. The method of extracting the ISC includes calculating perceptual importance including an SMR (signal-to-mark ratio) value of transformed spectral audio signals by using a psychoacoustic model, selecting spectral signals having a masking threshold value smaller than that of the spectral audio signals using the SMR value as first ISCs, and extracting a spectral peak from the audio signals selected as the ISCs according to a predetermined weighting factor to select second ISCs. Accordingly, the perceptual important spectral components can be efficiently coded so as to obtain high sound quality at a low bit-rate. In addition, it is possible to extract the perceptual important spectral component by using the psychoacoustic model, to perform coding without phase information, and to efficiently represent a spectral signal at a low bit-rate. In addition, the methods and apparatus can be employed in all the applications requiring a low bit-rate audio coding scheme and in a next generation audio scheme.

Method and apparatus to extract important spectral component from audio signal and low bit-rate audio signal coding and/or decoding method and apparatus using the same

Jung-Hoe Kim

Papers

System, medium and method of encoding/decoding multi-channel audio signals

Adaptive time/frequency-based audio encoding and decoding apparatuses and methods

Multichannel audio data encoding/decoding method and apparatus

Lossless audio coding/decoding method and apparatus

Method and apparatus to extract important spectral component from audio signal and low bit-rate audio signal coding and/or decoding method and apparatus using the same