Showing papers by "Jürgen Rüland published in 2013"
Book•
01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss military reform in Indonesia and Nigeria, and discuss the role of non-state actors in military reform, including rogue forces, in the process of military reform.
Abstract: Part I: Introduction.- Part II: Military Reform in Indonesia and Nigeria.- Part III: Legislatures and Non-State Actors in Military Reform.- Part IV: Rogue Forces and Military Reform.- Part V: Conclusion.
15 citations
01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore the nature and depth of military reforms since Nigeria's last democratic transition in 1999 and explore the legacies of the military's political abstinence in Nigeria.
Abstract: This chapter will explore the nature and depth of military reforms since Nigeria’s last democratic transition in 1999. Reforming civil-military relations in the largest West African country was inevitable, if the military’s decision to hand over power to civilians after the unexpected death of military dictator Gen. Sani Abacha on 8 June 1998 was genuine. Doubts about the military’s sincerity indeed lingered at the time as the Nigerian military had a record of not honouring transition promises. The last attempt to civilianize Nigerian politics ended with the annulment of the presidential elections of 12 June 1993 by Gen. Babangida. The decision paved the way to power for Gen. Abacha, who toppled a weak interim government installed by outgoing President Babangida and subsequently sought to perpetuate his repressive rule with the support of the armed forces. These legacies raise the question of how deep and lasting the new Nigerian democratic order and the military’s political abstinence are.
6 citations
01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: The resignation of Suharto on 23 May 1998 brought to an end more than four decades of authoritarian rule in Indonesia as mentioned in this paper, and the catalyst for change was the Asian Financial Crisis with its disastrous consequences for the Indonesian economy and the livelihood of millions of Indonesians.
Abstract: The resignation of President Suharto on 23 May 1998 brought to an end more than four decades of authoritarian rule in Indonesia. Suharto was forced to step down by a student-led reform movement which was tacitly supported by the military leadership (O’Rourke, 2002). The catalyst for change was the Asian Financial Crisis with its disastrous consequences for the Indonesian economy and the livelihood of millions of Indonesians. The economic crisis and the concomitant political turbulences had quickly eroded the legitimacy of Suharto’s New Order regime and eventually led to its collapse.
6 citations
01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: Carothers, 1999; Jetschke, 2010; and Schraeder, 2002 as discussed by the authors describe how the end of the Cold War seemed to dramatically enhance the opportunities for the global expansion of democracy by the early 1990s and many former allies of the Soviet Union embarked on fundamental political and economic reforms and Western countries had ended their support of authoritarian regimes in the name of anti-communism.
Abstract: The end of the Cold War seemed to dramatically enhance the opportunities for the global expansion of democracy By the early 1990s, many former allies of the Soviet Union had embarked on fundamental political and economic reforms and Western countries had ended their support of authoritarian regimes in the name of anti-communism At the same time, Western governments had initiated democracy promotion programs, as did international organizations and transnational civil society advocacy networks (Carothers, 1999; Jetschke, 2010; Schraeder, 2002)
3 citations