http://www.enfermeraspabellonyesterilizacion.cl/eventos/glycemic-index.pdf

International table of glycemic index and glycemic load values: 2002

http://drop-kicker.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/kyle-bia.pdf

Bioelectrical impedance analysis--part I: review of principles and methods.

Bioelectrical impedance analysis-part II: utilization in clinical practice.

For several decades researchers have been studying the biosynthesis and regulation in plants of specific chemicals associated with defense against pests and pathogens. For years many of these chemicals were first considered to be "secondary plant compounds" with unknown functions. Many, if not most, of these "secondary compounds" are now considered to be defensive chemicals that are acting either alone or in concert to contribute to the resistances of plants against insects or pathogens (86,87, 118, 144, 150). These defensive chemicals are found as either constitutive components in various plant tissues (118, 144) or are synthesized in response to attacking pests or pathogens (7, 32,39,45,50,60,63,64,66, 74, 120, 144, 151, 178, 182). The inducible chemicals, which can also occur constitutively, include such complex sub­ stances as antibiotics, alkaloids, and terpenes, as well as proteins such as enzymes, enzyme inhibitors, and lectins. These chemicals have provided interesting systems for studying inducible plant defense. In various plants, they can be newly synthesized in response to pest and/or pathogen attacks, which generate interand intracellular signals to activate genes that code for their production. Many of these systems, therefore, are being studied to help further our fundamental knowledge about the biochemistry of signal genera-

Protease Inhibitors in Plants: Genes for Improving Defenses Against Insects and Pathogens

A starch hydrolysis procedure to estimate glycemic index

Food properties affecting the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates.

An in vitro procedure based on chewing to predict metabolic response to starch in cereal and legume products

A new method for measuring the rate of in-vitro starch digestion in products with a structure 'as eaten' is introduced. An equivalent amount of potentially available starch from each product was chewed by subjects, expectorated into a beaker and incubated with pepsin. The incubate was thereafter transferred to a dialysis tubing and incubated with pancreatic alpha-amylase for 3 h. Samples were removed from the dialysate at time intervals and the degree of hydrolysis was calculated as the proportion of the potentially available starch degraded to maltose. A hydrolysis index (HI) was calculated as the area under the hydrolysis curve with the product as a percentage of the corresponding area with white wheat bread. The method was applied to 21 cereal and legume products, chosen to cover as wide a range as possible with respect to metabolic response, and to include several of the proposed mechanisms to differences in metabolic behaviour of starch. The accuracy of the in-vitro method was evaluated versus the metabolic responses obtained with the same products in healthy subjects. A significant correlation between HI and glycaemic index (GI) was obtained in cereal as well as in legume products. A significant correlation was also obtained between HI and insulin index (II) with pooled data from all products. However, in the case of II no correlation was obtained with the legume products only. It is concluded that the presently described in-vitro procedure offers a good potential to predict the metabolic behaviour of starchy foods.

An in vitro procedure based on chewing to predict metabolic response to starch in cereal and legume products.

Mango is a still underutilized fruit from tropical regions. The aim of this work was to characterize a mango dietary fibre concentrate (MDF) with antioxidant capacity, using the unripe fruit. MDF was obtained and its chemical composition, soluble (SDF) and insoluble dietary fibre (IDF), extractable polyphenols, water- and oil-holding capacities and anti-radical efficiency, were evaluated. MDF showed low lipid and high starch contents and balanced SDF/IDF levels, which is important for the functionality of fibre in the human diet. MDF exhibited adequate water-holding capacity, similar to other fruit fibres, but had a low oil-holding capacity. Bakery products prepared with MDF conserved the balance of SDF and IDF and most of its anti-radical efficiency. In vitro starch digestibility tests of MDF bakery products indicated a low predicted glycemic index. MDF might be an alternative for development of products with balanced DF components and low glycemic response, aimed to people with special carbohydrate/energy requirements.

Juscelino Tovar

Papers

Food properties affecting the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates.

An in vitro procedure based on chewing to predict metabolic response to starch in cereal and legume products

An in vitro procedure based on chewing to predict metabolic response to starch in cereal and legume products.

Fibre concentrate from mango fruit: Characterization, associated antioxidant capacity and application as a bakery product ingredient

Characterization of a fibre-rich powder prepared by liquefaction of unripe banana flour