Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030.

IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates for the prevalence of diabetes for 2015 and 2040.

Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2013 and projections for 2035.

Diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance

This paper reviews the current situation concerning nutrition-related noncommunicable diseases (N-NCDs) and the risk factors associated with these diseases in the Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR). A systematic literature review of studies and reports published between January 1, 1990 and September 15, 2011 was conducted using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity, cancer, and osteoporosis have become the main causes of morbidity and mortality, especially with progressive aging of the population. The estimated mortality rate due to cardiovascular disease and diabetes ranged from 179.8 to 765.2 per 100,000 population, with the highest rates in poor countries. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was very high, ranging from 19% to 45%. The prevalence of overweight and obesity (body mass index ≥25 kg/m(2)) has reached an alarming level in most countries of the region, ranging from 25% to 82%, with a higher prevalence among women. The estimated mortality rate for cancer ranged from 61.9 to 151 per 100,000 population. Osteoporosis has become a critical problem, particularly among women. Several risk factors may be contributing to the high prevalence of N-NCDs in EMR, including nutrition transition, low intake of fruit and vegetables, demographic transition, urbanization, physical inactivity, hypertension, tobacco smoking, stunting of growth of preschool children, and lack of nutrition and health awareness. Intervention programs to prevent and control N-NCDs are urgently needed, with special focus on promotion of healthy eating and physical activity.

https://www.dovepress.com/getfile.php?fileID=12167

Prevalence and risk factors associated with nutrition-related noncommunicable diseases in the Eastern Mediterranean region.

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is known to be increasing rapidly worldwide, but few population-based surveys have been undertaken in Africa or the Middle East. The aims of this study are to report the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in Tunisia, to compare the prevalence to previous studies and to analyse the relationship between diabetes and age, sex, area of residency and body mass index (BMI). We have used data from the Tunisian National Nutrition Survey, a cross-sectional health study providing a large nationally representative sample of the Tunisian population including 3729 adults. We used the American Diabetes Association diagnostic criteria to determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and IFG. The overall diabetes prevalence was 9.9% (9.5% in men and 10.1 in women) giving age-adjusted prevalence of diabetes of 8.5% (7.3% in men and 9.6% in women). Step-wise logistic regression showed age of more than 40 years, urban residency and high BMI to each be significantly and independently related to diabetes prevalence. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus has more than doubled in Tunisia over a 15-year period. Our study has demonstrated a high prevalence of diabetes in the adult population with a wide difference among the rural and urban areas with an increased prevalence compared to previous studies. The results underline the need to increase public awareness and to emphasize the benefit of lifestyle modification in order to prevent type II diabetes.

K Alberti

Papers

The global diabetes pandemic: the Tunisian experience