A method for hiding data in the spatial or IWT domains of images is proposed.Design new edge detection method to estimate same edge intensities for both images.XOR operation is used to embed the message and to improve imperceptibility.Proposed method is robust against textural feature steganalysis. In this paper, we present a novel image steganography algorithm that combines the strengths of edge detection and XOR coding, to conceal a secret message either in the spatial domain or an Integer Wavelet Transform (IWT) based transform domain of the cover image. Edge detection enables the identification of sharp edges in the cover image that when embedding in would cause less degradation to the image quality compared to embedding in a pre-specified set of pixels that do not differentiate between sharp and smooth areas. This is motivated by the fact that the human visual system (HVS) is less sensitive to changes in sharp contrast areas compared to uniform areas of the image. The edge detection method presented here is capable of estimating the exact edge intensities for both the cover and stego images (before and after embedding the message), which is essential when extracting the message. The XOR coding, on the other hand, is a simple, yet effective, process that helps in reducing differences between the cover and stego images. In order to embed three secret message bits, the algorithm requires four bits of the cover image, but due to the coding mechanism, no more than two of the four bits will be changed when producing the stego image. The proposed method utilizes the sharpest regions of the image first and then gradually moves to the less sharp regions. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method has achieved better imperceptibility results than other popular steganography methods. Furthermore, when applying a textural feature steganalytic algorithm to differentiate between cover and stego images produced using various embedding rates, the proposed method maintained a good level of security compared to other steganography methods.

A steganography embedding method based on edge identification and XOR coding

An effective image steganography scheme can make a good compromise among embedding capacity, imperceptibility, security and robustness. This paper presents a novel data hiding method based on multidirectional line encoding (MDLE) and integer wavelet transform (IWT). It can get a good result in those indicators simultaneously. The method firstly uses the IWT instead of the DWT to achieve accurate extraction of secret bits. The four wavelet sub-bands are divided into non-overlapping 3 × 3 coefficient blocks which are exploited as embedding regions. Secondly, the MDLE method based on the 3 × 3 block model is proposed. The center coefficient of the block is paired with surrounding coefficients in eight directions to embed n -bit secret data respectively, which improves the utilization of coefficients and ensures the change value of coefficient in one direction not to exceed 2 n − 1 , thereby embedding capacity is increased and good imperceptibility is obtained. Finally, a simple edge detection method is proposed and applied to the low frequency approximation sub-band to embed more secret data in edge blocks in order to further enhance the embedding capacity. The experimental results show that the proposed method is not only superior in terms of embedding capacity and image quality than previous methods, but also secure to steganalysis and robust to attacks.

A data hiding scheme based on multidirectional line encoding and integer wavelet transform

Recently, Steganography is an outstanding research area which used for data protection from unauthorized access. Steganography is defined as the art and science of covert information in plain sight in various media sources such as text, images, audio, video, network channel etc. so, as to not stimulate any suspicion; while steganalysis is the science of attacking the steganographic system to reveal the secret message. This research clarifies the diverse showing the evaluation factors based on image steganographic algorithms. The effectiveness of a steganographic is rated to three main parameters, payload capacity, image quality measure and security measure. This study is focused on image steganographic which is most popular in in steganographic branches. Generally, the Least significant bit is major efficient approach utilized to embed the secret message. In addition, this paper has more detail knowledge based on Least significant bit LSB within various Images formats. All metrics are illustrated in this study with arithmetical equations while some important trends are discussed also at the end of the paper.

Performance evaluation measurement of image steganography techniques with analysis of LSB based on variation image formats

Steganography is the discipline of exchanging top secret information by embedding it into a multimedia carrier. The ultimate aim, here is to hide the very existence of the embedded information within seemingly innocuous carriers. The proposed method extracts either Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) or Integer Wavelet Transform (IWT) coefficients of both cover image and secret image. After that two extracted coefficient values are embedded by fusion processing technique. Then the stego image is obtained by applying various combinations of DWT and IWT on both images. In this method, we concentrated for perfecting the visual effect of the stego image and robustness against the various attacks by using different wavelet families. Finally performance evaluation is done on dual transform steganography using wavelet families and statistical methods. In our method achieved acceptable imperceptibility and certain robustness.

Dual transform based steganography using wavelet families and statistical methods

Steganography plays an important role in secret communication in digital worlds and open environments like Internet. Undetectability and imperceptibility of confidential data are major challenges of steganography methods. This article presents a secure steganography method in frequency domain based on partitioning approach. The cover image is partitioned into 8×8 blocks and then integer wavelet transform through lifting scheme is performed for each block. The symmetric RC4 encryption method is applied to secret message to obtain high security and authentication. Tree Scan Order is performed in frequency domain to find proper location for embedding secret message. Secret message is embedded in cover image with minimal degrading of the quality. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method has achieved superior performance in terms of high imperceptibility of stego-image and it is secure against statistical attack in comparison with existing methods.

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A Secure Steganography Method Based on Integer Lifting Wavelet Transform

Steganography is the methods of communicating secrete information hidden in the cover object. The messages hidden in a host data are digital image, video or audio files, etc, and then transmitted secretly to the destination. In this paper we propose Wavelet based Non LSB Steganography (WNLS). The cover image is segmented into 4*4 cells and DWT/IWT is applied on each cell. The 2*2 cell of HH band of DWT/IWT are considered and manipulated with payload bit pairs using identity matrix to generate stego image. The key is used to extract payload bit pairs at the destination. It is observed that the PSNR values are better in the case of IWT compare to DWT for all image formats. The algorithm can’t be detected by existing steganalysis techniques such as chi-square and pair of values techniques. The PSNR values are high in the case of raw images compared to formatted images.

/pdf/wavelet-based-non-lsb-steganography-2e1g4pnfj5.pdf

Wavelet Based Non LSB Steganography

The Steganography is used for secure communication of information by embedding information in a cover object. In this paper we propose Wavelet based Secure Steganography with Scrambled Payload (WSSSP). The Daubechies Lifting Wavelet Transform (LWT) is applied on cover image. The XD band is decomposed into upper and lower bands for payload embedding. The payload is segmented into four equal blocks. The Harr LWT is applied on alternate blocks of payload to generate F1 and F2 wavelet transform bands. The remaining blocks of payload are retained in spatial domain say S1 and S2. The bit reversal is applied on each coefficient of payload blocks to scramble payload. The cube root is applied on scrambled values to scale down the number of coefficient bits. The payload the embedded into XD band of cover image to generate step object. The decision Factor Based Manipulation (DFBM) is used to scrambled stego object. The Daubechies ILWT2 is applied on stego object to obtain stego image in spatial domain. It is observed that PSNR and capacity of the proposed algorithm is better compared to existing algorithm.

Wavelet based Secure Steganography with Scrambled Payload

The Steganography used to transport information from one place to other place through public channel in covert way. In this paper we propose Hybrid domain Steganography using BPS, LSB and IWT (HSBLI). The payload is decomposed into two equal parts say part 1 and part 2. The cover and payload (PL) part 1 pixel intensity value are observed and if intensity values are more than or equal to 128 then Bit Plane Slicing (BPS) algorithm is used to embed payload in to cover image. If the intensity values of cover image and PL part 1 are less than 128, square root is applied to compress 8 bit pixel length to 4 bit pixel length and LSB technique is used to replace PL part 1 value by cover image LSB values. The BPS stego object is merged with LSB stego object to obtain intermediate stego object. The IWT is applied on intermediate stego object to derive four sub bands. The PL part 2 is considered and embedded into LL sub band of intermediate stego object using LSB replacement method to obtain final stego object. The inverse IWT is applied on final stego object to get stego image in spatial domain. The payload is extracted at the destination by applying reverse process of embedding. It is observed that the values of PSNR better in the case of proposed algorithm compare to existing algorithms.

/pdf/hybrid-domain-based-steganography-using-bps-lsb-and-iwt-cx71ki54x0.pdf

K. B. Raja

Papers

Wavelet Based Non LSB Steganography

Wavelet based Secure Steganography with Scrambled Payload

Hybrid Domain based Steganography using BPS, LSB and IWT