Heavy metal pollution is one of the serious problems and contaminates the environment by different means with the blow of industries in several countries. Different techniques like physical, chemical, and biological have been used for removal of heavy metal contaminants from the environment. Some of these have limitations such as cost, time consumption, logistical problems, and mechanical involvedness. Nowadays, in situ immobilization of metals, phytoremediation and biological techniques turned out to be best solution for elimination of metal(loid) s from the soil. Here, we reviewed the different remediation techniques for extraction of heavy metals from soil and especially highlighting in situ immobilization technique. The aim of remediation efforts at the contaminant site is to restrict the heavy metal to enter in the environment, food chain, and exposure to humans beings. The type of method used at a given site depends on the various factors like natural processes take place at the contaminated site, soil type, type of chemicals, and the depth of contaminated site.

Remediation techniques for removal of heavy metals from the soil contaminated through different sources: a review.

DISCLAIMER The use of company or product name(s) is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. A Toxicological Profile for cobalt, Draft for Public Comment was released in July 2001. This edition supersedes any previously released draft or final profile. Toxicological profiles are revised and republished as necessary. For information regarding the update status of previously released profiles, contact ATSDR at: vi Background Information The toxicological profiles are developed by ATSDR pursuant to Section 104(i) (3) and (5) of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA or Superfund) for hazardous substances found at Department of Energy (DOE) waste sites. CERCLA directs ATSDR to prepare toxicological profiles for hazardous substances most commonly found at facilities on the CERCLA National Priorities List (NPL) and that pose the most significant potential threat to human health, as determined by ATSDR and the EPA. ATSDR and DOE entered into a Memorandum of Understanding on November 4, 1992 which provided that ATSDR would prepare toxicological profiles for hazardous substances based upon ATSDR=s or DOE=s identification of need. The current ATSDR priority list of hazardous substances at DOE NPL sites was announced in the Toxicological Profiles are a unique compilation of toxicological information on a given hazardous substance. Each profile reflects a comprehensive and extensive evaluation, summary, and interpretation of available toxicologic and epidemiologic information on a substance. Health care providers treating patients potentially exposed to hazardous substances will find the following information helpful for fast answers to often-asked questions. Chapter 1: Public Health Statement: The Public Health Statement can be a useful tool for educating patients about possible exposure to a hazardous substance. It explains a substance's relevant toxicologic properties in a nontechnical, question-and-answer format, and it includes a review of the general health effects observed following exposure. Chapter 3: Health Effects: Specific health effects of a given hazardous compound are reported by type of health effect (death, systemic, immunologic, reproductive), by route of exposure, and by length of exposure (acute, intermediate, and chronic). In addition, both human and animal studies are reported in this section. NOTE: Not all health effects reported in this section are necessarily observed in the clinical setting. Please refer to the Public Health Statement to identify general health effects observed following exposure. The following additional material can be ordered through the ATSDR Information Center: Case Studies in …

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Toxicological profile for cobalt

Distribution and relationships of selected trace metals in molluscs and associated sediments from the Gulf of Aden, Yemen.

Distribution and association of trace metals in soft tissue and byssus of Mytella strigata and other benthal organisms from Mazatlan harbour, Mangrove Lagoon of the northwest coast of Mexico

Partitioning of trace metals between soft tissues and shells of Patella aspera.

Oysters are known to be exceptional accumulators of Zn and Cu, and their tissue concentrations appear to reflect contamination of metals. According to Lauenstein and Dolvin, oysters clearly have a greater affinity for Ag, Cu and Zn than do mussels, while mussels have greater affinity for Cr and Pb. Oysters have been considered to be potential bioindicators for monitoring metallic pollution in marine environments. Extensive investigations of oysters from the east coast of Kyushu Island, Japan, have been performed. The aim of the study was to examine spatial differences in metal concentrations in soft tissues of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) and whole bodies (soft tissues with shells) of the crabs Goetice depressa and Leptodius exaratus inhabiting the Japanese coastal region of the Pacific. 18 refs., 3 figs.

K. Frelek

Papers

Distribution of trace metals in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, and crabs from the east coast of Kyushu Island, Japan