In the recent years, with the development of network and multimedia technology, multimedia data, especially image, audio and video data, is used more and more widely in human society. Some multimedia data, including entertainment, politics, economics, militaries, industries, education etc, are necessary to be protected by providing confidentiality, integrity, and ownership or identity. In this regard, to protect multimedia contents, cryptology, which appears to be an effective way for information security, has been employed in many practical applications.

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Multimedia Security: A Survey of Chaos-Based Encryption Technology

Chaos based cryptosystems are an efficient method to deal with improved speed and highly secured multimedia encryption because of its elegant features, such as randomness, mixing, ergodicity, sensitivity to initial conditions and control parameters. In this paper, two chaos based cryptosystems are proposed: one is the higher-dimensional 12D chaotic map and the other is based on the Ikeda delay differential equation (DDE) suitable for designing a real-time secure symmetric video encryption scheme. These encryption schemes employ a substitution box (S-box) to diffuse the relationship between pixels of plain video and cipher video along with the diffusion of current input pixel with the previous cipher pixel, called cipher block chaining (CBC). The proposed method enhances the robustness against statistical, differential and chosen/known plain text attacks. Detailed analysis is carried out in this paper to demonstrate the security and uniqueness of the proposed scheme.

Chaos based video encryption using maps and Ikeda time delay system

This paper is a review on the aspects and approaches of design an image cryptosystem. First a general introduction given for cryptography and images encryption and followed by different techniques in image encryption and related works for each technique surveyed. Finally, general security analysis methods for encrypted images are mentioned. Keywords—Image, cryptography, encryption, security, analysis.

A Survey on Principal Aspects of Secure Image Transmission

In recent years, with the development of network technology and multimedia technology, multimedia data, especially video data, are used more and more widely in human society. Some multimedia data applied in entertainment, politics, economics, militaries, industries or education, etc., are necessary to be protected by providing confidentiality, integrity, and ownership or identity. To protect video contents, cryptology, which appears to be an effective way for information security, has been employed in many practical applications[1][2][3]. However, traditional ciphers like DES [4], IDEA [5], RSA[6] and AES[7], are often used for text or binary data, while not suitable for direct video encryption because of the following reasons.

Chaos-Based Video Encryption Algorithms

Real-time multimedia applications are increasingly achieving success in the everyday world. Thereby, multimedia information relies on security to protect private life. The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) has been designed to secure different applications. Yet, some limitations are given, making it inappropriate for secure video storation and transmission. The limitations are the time complexity, the multiple iterations, and the predefined substitution box. Thus, any user can use it to break the encryption. Moreover, the multiple iterations augment the need for CPU usage, and so the overall run time. Hence, it is necessary to modify the AES algorithm to make it more appropriate for securing video frames transmission over insecure channel. In this paper, an Improved AES (IAES) is put forward, which improves both diffusion and confusion in ciphered video. Our work consists in the following two main points: First, we propose to eliminate both shift-row and sub-byte transformations and replace them with a mix-row operation. This task reduces the run time, which presents a significant factor for real-time video transmission. Equally important, we propose to use the henon chaotic map in the key generation procedure, which provides more randomness. The Hash Algorithm SHA-3 is used to generate the initial conditions of the chaotic attractor. The video encryption procedure is verified with success, and the experimental results confirm that the novel algorithm combining chaos and IAES augments the entropy of the ciphered video by 15% and reduces the complexity time for both encryption and decryption compared to the standard one. Security analysis is successfully performed, and the results prove that our suggested technique provides the basics of cryptography with more correctness. The PRNG is tested by NIST 800–22 test suit, which indicates that it is suitable for secure image encryption. It provides a large key space of 2128 which resists the brute-force attack. All in all, the findings confirm that the novel security approach eliminates the limitation of the existing AES and provides a trade-off between speed and safety levels to secure video transmission.

Real-time video security system using chaos- improved advanced encryption standard (IAES)

Due to rapid developments in limits and possibilities of communications and information transmissions, there is a growing demand of cryptographic techniques, which has spurred a great deal of intensive research activities in the study of cryptography. This paper describes a public key encryption based on chebyshev polynomials. We discuss the algorithm for textual data and present the cryptanalysis which can be performed on this algorithm for the recovery of encrypted data. We also describe a simple hashing algorithm for making this algorithm more secure, and which can also be used for digital signature. The main scope of this paper is to propose an extension of this algorithm to images and videos and making it secure using multilevel scrambling and hash. Software implementations and experimental results are also discussed in detail.

K. Ganesan

Papers

Public Key Encryption of Images and Videos in Real Time Using Chebyshev Maps