THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

The Design and Analysis of Experiments

I read this book the same weekend that the Packers took on the Rams, and the experience of the latter event, obviously, colored my judgment. Although I abhor anything that smacks of being a handbook (like, \"How to Earn a Merit Badge in Neurosurgery\") because too many volumes in biomedical science already evince a boyscout-like approach, I must confess that parts of this volume are fast, scholarly, and significant, with certain reservations. I like parts of this well-illustrated book because Dr. Sj6strand, without so stating, develops certain subjects on technique in relation to the acquisition of judgment and sophistication. And this is important! So, given that the author (like all of us) is somewhat deficient in some areas, and biased in others, the book is still valuable if the uninitiated reader swallows it in a general fashion, realizing full well that what will be required from the reader is a modulation to fit his vision, propreception, adaptation and response, and the kind of problem he is undertaking. A major deficiency of this book is revealed by comparison of its use of physics and of chemistry to provide understanding and background for the application of high resolution electron microscopy to problems in biology. Since the volume is keyed to high resolution electron microscopy, which is a sophisticated form of structural analysis, but really morphology in a modern guise, the physical and mechanical background of The instrument and its ancillary tools are simply and well presented. The potential use of chemical or cytochemical information as it relates to biological fine structure , however, is quite deficient. I wonder when even sophisticated morphol-ogists will consider fixation a reaction and not a technique; only then will the fundamentals become self-evident and predictable and this sine qua flon will become less mystical. Staining reactions (the most inadequate chapter) ought to be something more than a technique to selectively enhance contrast of morphological elements; it ought to give the structural addresses of some of the chemical residents of cell components. Is it pertinent that auto-radiography gets singled out for more complete coverage than other significant aspects of cytochemistry by a high resolution microscopist, when it has a built-in minimal error of 1,000 A in standard practice? I don't mean to blind-side (in strict football terminology) Dr. Sj6strand's efforts for what is \"routinely used in our laboratory\"; what is done is usually well done. It's just that …

Methods in Enzymology.

Unperturbed dimensions of stereoregular polymers.- Reinforcement of rubber by carbon black.- Transformations of phenolic antioxidants and the role of their products in the long-term properties of polyolefins.

Properties of polymers

http://petrops.com/files/article_pdf/article1.pdf

Recycling of PET

Microbial production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and its copolymers: A review of recent advancements.

The grafting of maleic anhydride (MAH) on high density polyethylene in a counter-rotating twin screw extruder has been studied. As the reaction kinetics appear to be affected by mass transfer, good micro mixing in the extruder is important. Due to the competing mechanisms of increasing mixing and decreasing residence times at increasing screw speed, and due to the complicated reaction scheme. various non-linearities exist that are prohibitive for simple optimization rules. The interaction diagram presented in this paper for a twin screw extruder as a MAH grafting reactor can be used for better understanding of the influence of the extruder parameters on the reaction process.

The grafting of maleic-anhydride on high-density polyethylene in an extruder

Optically active epoxides can be obtained by kinetic resolution of racemic mixtures using enantiose- lective epoxide hydrolases. To increase the productivity of the conversion of sparingly aqueous soluble epoxides, we investigated the use of a two-phase aqueous/organic system. A kinetic model which takes into account inter- phase mass transfer, enzymatic reaction, and enzyme inactivation was developed to describe epoxide conver- sion in the system by the epoxide hydrolase from Agro- bacterium radiobacter. A Lewis cell was used to deter- mine model parameters and results from resolutions car- ried out in the Lewis cell were compared to model predictions to validate the model. It was found that n- octane is a biocompatible immiscible solvent suitable for use as the organic phase. Good agreement between the model predictions and experimental data was found when the enzyme inactivation rate was fitted. Simula- tions showed that mass transfer limitations have to be avoided in order to maximize the yield of enantiomeri- cally pure epoxide. Resolution of a 39 g/L solution of racemic styrene oxide in octane was successfully carried out in an emulsion batch reactor to obtain (S)-styrene oxide in high enantiomeric excess (>95% e.e.) with a yield of 30%. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bio- eng 73: 44-54, 2001.

/pdf/effect-of-mass-transfer-limitations-on-the-enzymatic-kinetic-3uqxiccsnv.pdf

Effect of mass transfer limitations on the enzymatic kinetic resolution of epoxides in a two-liquid-phase system.

The reaction between granular arrowroot starch and sodium monochloroacetate (SMCA) in isopropanol-water mixtures has been studied in a systematic way using experimental design strategies. The effect of six factors, i.e. the theoretical degree of substitution (DSt), reaction time, weight fraction of water in the mixture, NaOH/SMCA ratio, temperature and weight fraction of starch on three responses, i.e. the degree of substitution (DS), the conversion of SMCA and the selectivity of SMCA towards carboxymethyl starch, has been determined in a systematic manner. Granular carboxymethyl arrowroot starch with a maximum DS of 1.4 could be prepared in a single-step procedure. The results are compared with data obtained for potato starch. Similar trends for all responses were observed, suggesting close similarities between the chemical composition and the topochemistry of granular arrowroot- and potato-starch.

/pdf/experimental-studies-on-the-carboxymethylation-of-arrowroot-1y6rh2oyep.pdf

Experimental Studies on the Carboxymethylation of Arrowroot Starch in Isopropanol-Water Media

The dramatic increase of viscosity is a fundamental problem when designing a polymerization process. Since a thorough understanding of rheokinetics-the study of the coupled rheological changes and chemical kinetics in the reaction mixtureespecially at high degrees of conversion, is still missing, industrial polymerization processes are often designed on basis of trial and error procedures and operate in far-fi-om-optimal conditions. Even at laboratory scale the measurement of the viscosity of systems rapidly changing with time is troublesome and predicting quantitatively the increase of viscosity is not an easy task. The non-Newtonian character of polymeric systems makes rheokinetics an even more challenging field, and more interesting as well, In this review article the difficulties encountered by the research community, the results obtained so far and the problems still to be faced are discussed.

https://pure.rug.nl/ws/files/3621243/2002PolymEngSciCioffi.pdf

Rheokinetics of linear polymerization. A literature review

Upgrading of organic waste: production of the copolymer poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate by Ralstonia eutrophus with organic waste as sole carbon source

K.J Ganzeveld

Papers

The grafting of maleic-anhydride on high-density polyethylene in an extruder

Effect of mass transfer limitations on the enzymatic kinetic resolution of epoxides in a two-liquid-phase system.

Experimental Studies on the Carboxymethylation of Arrowroot Starch in Isopropanol-Water Media

Rheokinetics of linear polymerization. A literature review

Upgrading of organic waste: production of the copolymer poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate by Ralstonia eutrophus with organic waste as sole carbon source