Organophosphorus compound-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells.

Organophosphorus compound-induced modification of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma mitochondrial transmembrane potential.

Chick embryo dorsal root ganglia (DRG) cultures were used to explore early pathological events associated with exposure to neuropathy-inducing organophosphorus (OP) compounds. This approach used an in vitro neuronal system from the species that provides the animal model for OP-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN). DRG were obtained from 9-day-old chick embryos, and grown for 14 days in minimal essential medium (MEM) supplemented with bovine and human placental sera and growth factors. Cultures were then exposed to 1 μM of the OP compounds phenyl saligenin phosphate (PSP) or mipafox, which readily elicit OPIDN in hens, paraoxon, which does not cause OPIDN, or the DMSO vehicle. The medium containing these toxicants was removed after 12 h, and cultures maintained for 4–7 days post-exposure. Morphometric analysis of neurites was performed by inverted microscopy, which demonstrated that neurites of cells treated with mipafox or PSP but not with paraoxon had decreased length-to-diameter ratios at day 4 post-exposure. Ultrastructural alterations of neurons treated with PSP and mipafox included dissolution of microtubules and neurofilaments and degrading mitochondria. Paraoxon-treated and DMSO control neuronal cell cultures did not show such evident ultrastructural changes. This study demonstrates that chick DRG show pathological changes following exposure to neuropathy-inducing OP compounds.

Morphological Effects of Neuropathy-Inducing Organophosphorus Compounds in Primary Dorsal Root Ganglia Cell Cultures

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Health and Environmental Assessment of Alternatives to Deca-BDE in Electrical and Electronic Equipment

Acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) and dibutyl sebacate (DBS) plasticizers are components of polyvinylidene chloride. These compounds can pass from the polyvinylidene chloride packing films to the enclosed food (Baba et al. 1988). Therefore, there may be a potential hazard to health. Toxicity of these compounds in laboratory animals is well known (Mallette and Haam 1952; Smith 1953; Finkelstein and Gold 1959). As th in vitro toxicity of these compounds to various mammalian cells, determined using the same cell culture systems has apparently not been documented, we examined the toxicity of ATBC and DBS on human, monkey and dog cells grown in culture systems.

Acetyl tributyl citrate and dibutyl sebacate inhibit the growth of cultured mammalian cells

We report herein evidence that the flame retardants tricresyl phosphate and triphenyl phosphate are toxic to KB, HEL-R66, Vero and MDCK cells grown in culture. The former is more toxic than the latter.

K. Mochida

Papers

Tricresyl phosphate and triphenyl phosphate are toxic to cultured human, monkey and dog cells.