Nanoparticles are defined as solid colloidal particles ranging in size from 10 to 1000 nm. Nanoparticles offer many benefits to larger particles such as increased surface-to-volume ratio and increa...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/23746149.2016.1254570

Nanoparticles in biomedical applications

There is a growing interest in the use of nanosystems such as nanoalloys, bimetallic nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles and magnetic nanoparticles in biomedical applications. These applications can be as diverse as hyperthermic treatments; targeted drug delivery; bio-imaging; cell labelling and gene delivery. The use of nanoalloys in these applications has received only limited attention due to the fact that there were many unanswered questions and concerns regarding nanoparticles and nanoalloys such as their stability over time, tendency to agglomerate, chemical activity, ease of oxidation, biocompatibility and cytotoxicity. In this chapter we survey current applications and advances in magnetic nanoparticles used in these biomedical applications so as to understand the materials properties that can pave the way for the use of nanoalloys as a potential alternative or improve solutions that are offered by current materials.

Nanosystems: the use of nanoalloys, metallic, bimetallic, and magnetic nanoparticles in biomedical applications.

ConspectusCombining hard matter, like inorganic nanocrystals, and soft materials, like polymers, can generate multipurpose materials with a broader range of applications with respect to the individual building blocks. Given their unique properties at the nanoscale, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have drawn a great deal of interest due to their potential use in the biomedical field, targeting several applications such as heat hubs in magnetic hyperthermia (MHT, a heat-damage based therapy), contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery. At the same time, polymers, with their versatile macromolecular structure, can serve as flexible platforms with regard to constructing advanced functional materials. Advances in the development of novel polymerization techniques has enabled the preparation of a large portfolio of polymers that have intriguing physicochemical properties; in particular, those polymers that can undergo conformational and structural changes in r...

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00549

Nanosystems Based on Magnetic Nanoparticles and Thermo- or pH-Responsive Polymers: An Update and Future Perspectives.

Tumor therapy is facing great challenges in improving drug efficiency while reducing side effects. Herein, a novel multifunctional nanodrug carrier UC@mSiO2-RB@ZIF-O2-DOX-PEGFA (URODF) that combines oxygen (O2)-enhanced photodynamic therapy (PDT) with pH-responsive chemotherapy is presented. Eight hundred eight nanometer NIR light-irradiated NaYF4:Yb/Er@NaYbF4:Nd@NaGdF4 nanoparticles (UC) were employed as both upconversion/magnetic resonance imaging matrix and motivator for photosensitizer in PDT with deep penetration depth. Mesoporous silica shell (mSiO2) was used as the carrier for photosensitizer Rose Bengal (RB). Zeolitic imidazolate framework-90 (ZIF-90) was coated outside of mSiO2 as O2 reservoir to quickly release O2 in tumor microenvironment and alleviate tumor hypoxia for enhanced PDT. Doxorubicin (DOX) and NH2-poly(ethylene glycol) modified folic acid (PEGFA) were covalently conjugated on the surface of nanoparticles for synergetic therapy. The drug-loading capacity reaches 5.6 and 6.0% for RB a...

O2-Loaded pH-Responsive Multifunctional Nanodrug Carrier for Overcoming Hypoxia and Highly Efficient Chemo-Photodynamic Cancer Therapy

Combinatorial immunotherapy and nanoparticle mediated hyperthermia.

PEG-coated folic acid-modified superparamagnetic MnFe2O4 nanoparticles for hyperthermia therapy and drug delivery

This is a vital extension of our previously published work. Thermo-responsive copolymer coated superparamagnetic MnFe2O4 nanoparticles are tested for cell viability and affinity on HeLa carcinoma cells under different conditions. Nanoparticles were loaded with anticancer drug doxorubicin. Composite nanoparticles of average diameter 45 nm were of core–shell structure having magnetic core of about 18 nm. Magnetic hyperthermia effects on cell viability and drug delivery were studied by exposing the cell suspension to high frequency magnetic field, and living cells were quantified using MTT method. There was almost absence of drug release at 37 °C. Drug was released at temperatures above lower critical solution temperature (LCST) by magnetic heating. LCST of the thermo-responsive copolymer was observed to be around 39 °C. Below this temperature, copolymer was hydrophilic and swelled. But above LCST, copolymer could become hydrophobic, expel water and drug and shrink in volume. Combination of hyperthermia and drug delivery effectively treated cancer cells.

/pdf/cell-viability-study-of-thermo-responsive-core-shell-2ocnf140fg.pdf

K. Rashid

Papers

PEG-coated folic acid-modified superparamagnetic MnFe2O4 nanoparticles for hyperthermia therapy and drug delivery

Cell viability study of thermo-responsive core–shell superparamagnetic nanoparticles for multimodal cancer therapy