PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITORS 104 Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 104 Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 2 106 Protease Nexin I .... .... 108 PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATION ........ 109 Matrix Breakdown 109 Cell Migration 111 Ovulation 113 CONCLUDING REMARKS 115

Cell-associated plasminogen activation: regulation and physiological functions.

Peritoneal adhesions represent an important clinical challenge in gastrointestinal surgery. Peritoneal adhesions are a consequence of peritoneal irritation by infection or surgical trauma, and may be considered as the pathological part of healing following any peritoneal injury, particularly due to abdominal surgery. The balance between fibrin deposition and degradation is critical in determining normal peritoneal healing or adhesion formation. Postoperative peritoneal adhesions are a major cause of morbidity resulting in multiple complications, many of which may manifest several years after the initial surgical procedure. In addition to acute small bowel obstruction, peritoneal adhesions may cause pelvic or abdominal pain, and infertility. In this paper, the authors reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis and various prevention strategies of adhesion formation, using Medline and PubMed search. Several preventive agents against postoperative peritoneal adhesions have been investigated. Their role aims in activating fibrinolysis, hampering coagulation, diminishing the inflammatory response, inhibiting collagen synthesis or creating a barrier between adjacent wound surfaces. Their results are encouraging but most of them are contradictory and achieved mostly in animal model. Until additional findings from future clinical researches, only a meticulous surgery can be recommended to reduce unnecessary morbidity and mortality rates from these untoward effects of surgery. In the current state of knowledge, pre-clinical or clinical studies are still necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of the several proposed prevention strategies of postoperative peritoneal adhesions.

/pdf/pathophysiology-and-prevention-of-postoperative-peritoneal-523dowqb5b.pdf

Pathophysiology and prevention of postoperative peritoneal adhesions

TISSUE plasminogen activator (t-PA) is a naturally occurring protein that catalyzes the conversion of the inactive proenzyme plasminogen into the active serine protease plasmin. It is one of two ma...

Tissue plasminogen activator.

Characterization of the gene for human plasminogen, a key proenzyme in the fibrinolytic system.

Strategies for the improvement of thrombolytic agents.

Functionally active A and B chains were separated from a two-chain form of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator after mild reduction and alkylation. The A chain was found to be responsible for the binding to lysine-Sepharose or fibrin and the B chain contained the catalytic activity of tissue-type plasminogen activator. An extensive reduction of two-chain tissue-type plasminogen activator, however, destroyed both the binding and catalytic activities. A thermolytic fragment, Fr. 1, of tissue-type plasminogen activator that contained a growth factor and two kringle segments retained its lysine binding activity. Additional thermolytic cleavages in the kringle-2 segment of Fr. 1 caused a total loss of the binding activity. These results indicated that the binding site of tissue-type plasminogen activator to fibrin was located in the kringle-2 segment.

/pdf/localization-of-the-binding-site-of-tissue-type-plasminogen-7p0lm7n5le.pdf

K Takio

Papers

Localization of the binding site of tissue-type plasminogen activator to fibrin.