Caesarean section rates are inexorably rising which has led to the possibility of negative impact on m aternal and neonatal health. Present study was aimed to compare the factors associated with caesarean and vaginal births among pregnant women. A retrospective study was con ducted in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, Pu njab Institute of Medical Sciences, Jalandhar (Punjab, Iduring the period of April, 2012 to June, 201 2. Details of age group, parity, socioeconomic status, antenatal booking, mode of delivery, obstetric complications, gestational age at delivery, maternal and neonatal outcomes wer e explored. The prevalence of Caesarean Sections (6 5%) was higher over vaginal births (35%). It had higher num ber of Emergency (52.31%) over Elective (47.70%) ca esarean sections. Multiparity (55.38%; p<0.05), high socioe conomic status (18.46%), 21 to 30 yrs of age group (78.46%) and booked status (44.62%) were associated with Cae sarean Sections while primiparity (65.71%) and low socioeconomic status (22.86%) with vaginal births. The commonest reasons for Caesarean Sections were F etal Distress (30.77%) and Repeat Caesarean Sections (29.23%). Ca esarean sections rate is high. High number of referred patients who underwent Emergency sections was the main reason. Trial of vaginal birth after C aesarean Section in approximate cases and confirmation of su spected fetal distress through fetal blood acid bas e study are recommended.

/pdf/available-online-a-t-www-pelagiaresearchlibrary-com-29z9znpv0y.pdf

Available online a t www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com

The paper aims to present analytically the parametric effect of thermo-diffusion (Soret) and diffusion-thermo (Dufour) effects on a two-dimensional steady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) free convective ...

MHD free convective mass transfer flow of radiative uniform heat generation (absorption) fluid through a wavy permeable channel in the presence of Soret and Dufour effects

In this paper we discuss the time dependent thermal convection of a viscous, electrically conducting fluid through a porous medium in horizontal channel bounded by wavy walls. The unsteadiness in the flow is due to the imposed oscillatory flow on the convective flow through the channel. By using a perturbation technique the coupled equations governing the flow and heat transfer are solved. The velocity, the temperature, the shear stress and the average Nusselt number are analyzed for different variations of the governing parameters.

Mixed convective heat transfer through a porous medium in a horizontal wavy channel

In this paper we discuss the effect of chemical reaction and thermal radiation on unsteady free convective heat and mass transfer flow through a porous medium in a vertical wavy channel. The unsteadiness in the flow is due to the oscillatory flux in the flow region. The coupled equations governing the flow, heat and mass transfer have been solved by using a perturbation technique with the slope  of the wavy wall as the perturbation parameter. The expression for the velocity, the temperature, the concentration, the rate of heat and mass transfer are derived and are analyzed for different variations of the governing parameters G, R, M, D, , N, N1, ,  , k, x and t.

/pdf/effect-of-chemical-reaction-and-radiation-on-unsteady-4d88ob5veo.pdf

Effect of chemical reaction and radiation on unsteady convective heat and mass transfer flow of a viscous fluid in a vertical wavy channel with oscillatory flux and heat sources

This paper deals with the thermo-diffusion and chemical reaction effects on the unsteady convective Heat and Mass transfer flow of a viscous, incompressible electrically conducting fluid in a horizontal channel bounded by flat walls. The unsteadiness in the flow is due to the traveling thermal wave imported on y = L. The momentum, energy and diffusion equations are non linear coupled equations. By making use of perturbation technique the governing equations are solved to obtain the expressions for velocity, temperature and concentration.

Effect of hall currents on unsteady mixed convective heat and mass transfer flow of a chemically reacting viscous fluid in a horizontal channel with traveling thermal waves

An attention has been given to investigate the flow behavior of an incompressible viscous fluid confined in horizontal wavy channels and set in motion due to the movement of the upper waand the pressure differences. The governing equations have been solved analytically as well as numerically subject to the relevant boundary conditions by assuming that the solution consists of two parts: a mean part and a disturbance or perturbed part. For small and mod- erate Reynolds numbers, the analytical solution for the perturbed part has been found to be in good agreement with the numerical one. The effects of Reynolds number, the pressure gradient parameter, and the undulation wavenumber on fric- tion and pressure drop are found to be quite significant. In addition to the flow behavior for both long and short waves and for large Reynolds numbers, the effect of the wall waviness on friction and pressure drop has been examined for any arbitrary amplitude of the wavy wall.

/pdf/influence-of-wall-waviness-on-friction-and-pressure-drop-in-jy5lbvgbhe.pdf

K. Vajravelu

Papers

Influence of wall waviness on friction and pressure drop in channels