Summary
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of mixed kojis on essential indices of fish sauce. Fish sauce inoculated with mixed kojis (FSB, Aspergillus oryzae koji:Aspergillus niger koji = 3:1) and A. oryzae koji (FSA, control) was prepared. At the end of fermentation, the content of amino nitrogen, total soluble nitrogen, Free amino acid (FAA) and glutamic acid in FSB increased by 7.50%, 7.84%, 9.80% and 28.43% compared to FSA, due to higher acid protease activity in mixed kojis. Moreover, flavour groups including phenols, ketones and nitrogen-containing compounds in FSB were also improved. According to the results of sensory evaluation, FSB showed higher intensity of umami and caramel attributes, lower intensity of ammonia and sour attributes. All the results suggested that the usage of mixed kojis to produce fish sauce was an effective method that can accelerate the fermentation process and improve the flavour of fish sauce made with freshwater fish by-products.

Effect of mixed kojis on physiochemical and sensory properties of rapid‐fermented fish sauce made with freshwater fish by‐products

Fermented shrimp paste (Kapi) is traditionally produced using a high content of salt and mainly consumed as a food condiment by the Thai people. In order to select potential functional autochthonou...

Virgibacillus halodenitrificans MSK-10P, a Potential Protease-producing Starter Culture for Fermented Shrimp Paste (kapi) Production

This study was done by dynamically monitoring the changes in bacterial composition, physicochemical characteristics, and volatile substances during fermentation of fermented fish sauce (budu). The degree of hydrolysis, TCA-soluble peptides, and nitrogen contents increased as the fermentation time progressed. A continuous decrease in peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances was noted over 60 days of fermentation. A total of 44 volatile compounds were detected, and increases in volatile compounds, such as 2-methylbutanal, 3-methylbutanal, benzaldehyde, and 2-ethyl furan, with low odor thresholds values, might contribute to budu's flavor of the final product. Additionally, the relationship between evolving microbiota and the formation of flavor compounds was analyzed, and halophilic lactic acid bacteria was identified to be the most important bacterial contributing to flavor and aroma development. This finding will provide important information for improving the quality of budu in terms of flavor characteristics.

Physicochemical characteristics and flavor profiles of fermented fish sauce (budu) during fermentation in commercial manufacturing plant

This research aims to determine the best concentration of Rusip fermentation solution for inhibiting histamine formation and its effect on the quality of salted-boiled mackerel tuna (Euthynnus affinis). The studies were conducted in August-September 2018 at the Fisheries Product Processing Laboratory and Microbiology and Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Faculty, Padjadjaran University. This work used an experimental method with 4 variables and 3 repetitions, namely salted-boiled mackerel tuna (Euthynnus affinis) that soaked in rusip fermentation solution with a concentration of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% for 30 minutes and storage at some above room temperature (25-27 oC). Parameters observed included TPC, Histamine levels, pH, and organoleptic values (aroma, appearance, and texture). The result showed that the use of 30% rusip fermentation solution was able to inhibit the formation of histamine and produced the lowest histamine levels of 29.80 mg/100 g. The number of histamine-forming bacteria is positively correlated with histamine content during storage. Based on the organoleptic value (aroma, appearance, and texture), the use of 30% rusip fermentation solution was still received by panelists and fulfilled the best quality requirements according to SNI 2717-1-2009 until the fifth day of storage compared to the other treatments.

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The utilization of lactic acid bacteria from rusip to inhibit the formation of histamine on salted-boiled mackerel tuna - Euthynnus affinis (Cantor, 1849)

The intensive amount of chemical usage in agricultural practices could contribute to a significant impact on food safety issues and environmental health. Over-usage of chemical fertilisers may alter soil characteristics and contaminate water sources, leading to several human and animal health issues. Recently, there have been efforts to use microbial biofertilisers as a more sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural practice in the common household of Southeast Asia. Traditionally, this method tends to utilise leftover food materials and readily available bacterial cultures, such as yoghurt drinks, and ferment them under a specific period in either solid or liquid form. So far, most of the testimonial-based feedbacks from local communities have been positive, but only limited information is available in the literature regarding the usage of biofertiliser fermented food (BFF). Previously, raw food waste has been used in the agriculture system to promote plant growth, however, the functional role of fermented food in enhancing plant growth have yet to be discovered. An understanding of the symbiotic relationship between fermented food and plants could be exploited to improve agricultural plant production more sustainably. Fermented food is known to be rich in good microbial flora (especially lactic acid bacteria (LAB)). LAB exist in different sources of fermented food and can act as a plant growth-promoting agent, improving the nutrient availability of food waste and other organic materials. Therefore, in this review, the potential use of seafood-based, plant-based, and animal-based fermented food as biofertiliser, especially from Southeast Asia, will be discussed based on their types and microbial and nutritional contents. The different types of fermented food provide a wide range of microbial flora for the enrichment of proteins, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals content in enhancing plant growth and overall development of the plant. The current advances of biofertiliser and practices of BFF will also be discussed in this review.

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The Potential of Fermented Food from Southeast Asia as Biofertiliser

The chemical and microbiological changes during spontaneous budu fermentation were elucidated on monthly basis (1â€“12 months). A significant increase (P budu fermentation, except for the fat content. The total microbial load decreased gradually from the initial of 6.13Â±0.01 to 3.45Â±0.13 log CFU gâˆ’1 after 12 months of fermentation. Overall, 150 isolates were identified, with a majority of bacteria (77%), followed by yeasts (12%) and 11% of unconfirmed species. Micrococcus luteus was the predominant strain that initiated the fermentation before it was replaced by Staphylococcus arlettae that exists throughout the fermentation. This study confirmed that lactic acid bacteria and yeasts often coexist with other microorganisms, even though a microbiological succession usually takes place both between and within species, which shaped the chemical and sensory characteristics of the final product. In addition, some of the isolates could be potentially valuable as starter cultures for further improved and controllable budu fermentation.

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K.Y Sim

Papers

Chemical composition and microbial dynamics of budu fermentation, a traditional Malaysian fish sauce