A disposable diaper comprising an absorbent core that is encased between a liquid pervious topsheet and a liquid impervious backsheet, elasticized leg openings, and a fastening device for securing the diaper on a wearer. The fastening device comprises a first member having a plurality of fiber elements and a second member having a plurality of engaging elements that are mechanically engageable with the fiber elements of the first member. The engaging elements are disposed and manufactured so as to provide a fastening device that is capable of resisting the peel forces and shear stress that are encountered during use and that is comfortable and skin friendly for the wearer. Each of the engaging elements thus preferably comprises a stem and an enlarged head positioned on one end of the stem; the head having a smooth, generally convex top surface that provides a skin friendly second member and a bottom surface that extends radially outwardly from the stem to engage the fiber elements of the first member. The fiber elements of the first member and the engaging elements of the second member are configured to maximize peel resistance such that the fastening device has a fiber overhang ratio of at least about 2:1 and a height ratio of at least about 5:1.

Disposable diaper having an improved fastening device

A disposable absorbent article with a mechanical fastening system having disposal members so as to provide convenient disposal of the absorbent article. The mechanical fastening system preferably comprises a tape tab having a first fastening element, a landing member comprising a second fastening element mechanically engageable with the first fastening element, and a disposal member for allowing the absorbent article to be secured in a configuration that provides convenient disposal of the absorbent article. The disposal member preferably comprises a second fastening element affixed to the backing surface of at least one of the tape tabs so that the first fastening element of the opposite tape tab will mechanically engage the second fastening element of the disposal member so as to secure the absorbent article in its disposal configuration.

Mechanical fastening systems with disposal means for disposable absorbent articles

A disposable absorbent article includes an absorbent chassis and a fastening system that together define a refastenable pant. The refastenable pant includes a pair of elastomeric front side panels extending from the waist opening to each leg opening, a pair of elastomeric back side panels extending from the waist opening to each leg opening, and a pair of refastenable seams extending from the waist opening to each leg opening and positioned between the elastomeric front and back side panels.

Absorbent articles with refastenable side seams

A semiconductor disk wherein a flash memory into which data is rewritten in block unit is employed as a storage medium, the semiconductor disk including a data memory in which file data are stored, a substitutive memory which substitutes for blocks of errors in the data memory, an error memory in which error information of the data memory are stored, and a memory controller which reads data out of, writes data into and erases data from the data memory, the substitutive memory and the error memory. Since the write errors of the flash memory can be remedied, the service life of the semiconductor disk can be increased.

Storage device employing a flash memory

An article, such as a disposable diaper, which includes a refastenable mechanical fastener system for closing and opening the waistband. The fastener comprises a hook and loop system, such as a Velcro® fastener system, developed for superior performance in fastening the waistband. The hook material of the fastener is molded of a copolymer of polypropylene which has flexural modulus of 70,00-120,00 psi; shore hardness D-40 to D-80 and the hooks are tapered base to tip, alternating hook design, of 0.04-0.05 inch caliper. The hook density in the material is about 740 hooks per inch on 40 rows to the inch on base film of 0.008-0.010 inch thickness. The loop material is a raised loop fabric of polyester fiber, two bar warp knit construction, with napped surface. The fabric is polyethylene terephthalate of basis weight in the range 1.0-3.0 ounce per square yard. The hook material is preferably mounted on the ears of the garment at the rear waistband which attaches to loop material. The loop material is mounted on the front waistband in one form of construction; or is adhesively backed and carried with the hook tabs to the front waistband where it adheres, the hook material being releasable and refastenable. The hook and loop fastener has peel force in the range of about 200-1200 gram per inch of width of fastener and shear of 6.60-20.0 pounds per square inch. In another form of the invention, a separate rear waistband is bonded to the rear margin of the diaper and such waistband has lateral ear portions with tabs of hook material attached. The waistband may be of elastomeric material for snug fit about the waist of the user. There are several other embodiments of diaper construction in the disclosure.

Disposable diaper with improved mechanical fastening system

Gelation and setting of desirably miscible and pumpable crutcher slurries comprising sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, zeolite and sodium silicate in an aqueous medium are retarded and often prevented by the addition to such medium of a citric material, such as citric acid and/or water soluble citrate, and magnesium sulfate. Alternatively, magnesium citrate may be employed. The addition of the citric material and magnesium sulfate (or magnesium citrate) appreciably lengthens mixing time available before setting of the mix, increasing it over such times for similar crutcher mixes not containing any anti-gelling material, or including citric material as an anti-gelling component but not incorporating magnesium sulfate. The improved workability of the crutcher mix permits the making of higher solids content crutcher slurries, thereby resulting in significant energy savings and improvements in production rates when the crutcher slurries are subsequently spray dried to free flowing inorganic base bead form, from which commercially acceptable detergent compositions may be made, as by post-spraying with a nonionic synthetic organic detergent in liquid state.

Method for retarding gelation of bicarbonate-carbonate-zeolite-silicate crutcher slurries

Gelation and setting of desirably miscible and pumpable aqueous crutcher slurries comprising zeolite (hydrated sodium aluminosilicate), sodium bicarbonate, sodium silicate and sodium carbonate are retarded and often are prevented by the addition of sodium sesquicarbonate (which also serves as a source of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate) after admixing of the zeolite, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate (if added earlier) and sodium silicate. Desirably, citric acid (and preferbly also, magnesium sulfate) is(are) dissolved in the crutcher medium before addition of the sodium sesquicarbonate but the presence(s) thereof is(are) not necessary. The method of the invention appreciably increases workable crutcher time, stabilizing the mix against gelation, compared to prior methods for the manufacture of similar crutcher mixes of similar contents of water, zeolite, bicarbonate, carbonate and silicate (considering the sesquicarbonate of the present method as a source of carbonate and bicarbonate), whether all the carbonate and bicarbonate are separately added to the crutcher before the silicate or are added partially before and partially after silicate addition. The improved workability and stability of the crutcher mix permit the making of higher solids content crutcher slurries, thereby resulting in significant energy savings and increases in production rates when such slurries are subsequently spray dried to produce free flowing zeolite - inorganic salt base beads, from which beads built or heavy duty detergent compositions may be made by post-spraying onto them a nonionic synthetic organic detergent in liquid state.

Method for manufacture of non-gelling, stable zeolite - inorganic salt crutcher slurries

A diaper comprising a rectangular body of absorbent material having apertures in the corners thereof. Fasteners having hook-like filaments of "Velcro" material are attached to the diaper by hooks integrally formed with the "Velcro" filaments and engaged in the apertures of the diaper.

Fastening means for diapers

A free flowing, stable, water-soluble, powdered automatic dishwashing detergent with superior solubility, handling and storage characteristics is provided. The compositions comprises an inorganic polyphosphate carrier onto which is absorbed a nonionic detergent. The "loaded" carrier is mixed with powdered silicate and the other usual adjuvants such as bleach, pigment, etc. High levels of detergent are possible without adversely affecting the aforementioned advantages and superior characteristics.

Method for making an automatic dishwashing detergent powder by spraying drying and post-adding nonionic detergent

A new class of nitrogen compounds having an amide or ester linkage therein that are useful alone as softeners and in laundry detergent formulations

Kaeser James A

Papers

Method for retarding gelation of bicarbonate-carbonate-zeolite-silicate crutcher slurries

Method for manufacture of non-gelling, stable zeolite - inorganic salt crutcher slurries

Fastening means for diapers

Method for making an automatic dishwashing detergent powder by spraying drying and post-adding nonionic detergent

Fabric softening compounds