Nomenclature in evaluation of analytical methods including detection and quantification capabilities (IUPAC Recommendations 1995)

Nomenclature in evaluation of analytical methods including detection and quantification capabilities1: (IUPAC Recommendations 1995)

Manganese action in brain function

It is important to evaluate different digestion methods to accurately determine elemental concentrations in soils. Three commonly used digestion procedures, hotplate aqua regia, microwave aqua regia, and microwave aqua regia + HF, were compared for digestion of three standard reference materials (SRMs 2704, 2709, and 2711) and 20 Florida soils (three groups of Quartzipsammemts, one group of Alaquods, and one group of Paleudults). Sixteen elements (Al, Ba, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, P, Zn, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Se) were analyzed using either an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) or a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer (GFAAS). Precise analysis was achieved for all elements except As (1.0-25%), Cd (1.8-22%), and Se (4.1-22%) in the SRMs using all three procedures, with the microwave aqua regia + HF procedure having slightly better precision (3.7%) averaged across all elements. Compared with the elemental recoveries in SRMs by the microwave aqua regia digestion (80%), microwave aqua regia + HF digestion achieved greater accuracy (94%), whereas the hotplate aqua regia digestion achieved less accuracy (74%). In general, the microwave aqua regia + HF digestion was overall the best procedure for determining concentrations of most metals in SRMs and Florida soils, followed by the microwave aqua regia and the hotplate aqua regia digestion. However, this so-called total-total digestion procedure (microwave aqua regia + HF) may underestimate total Pb concentration in Florida soils and total Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, and Ba concentrations in the Florida Paleudults.

Comparison of Three Aqua Regia Digestion Methods for Twenty Florida Soils

It has long been appreciated that manganese exposure can cause neurotoxicity and a neurologic syndrome that resembles Parkinson's disease (PD). Current evidence indicates that manganese-induced parkinsonism can be differentiated from PD because of its predilection to accumulate in and damage the pallidum and striatum rather than the SNc. The clinical syndrome, response to levodopa, imaging studies with MRI and PET, and pathologic features all help to distinguish these two conditions and permit the correct diagnosis to be established. This is of particular relevance in differentiating patients with parkinsonism due to manganese intoxication from patients with idiopathic PD who have incidental manganese exposure.

Manganese-induced parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease.

Two-volume reference work provides comprehensive, up-to-date information on neutron activation analysis for the study of elements at the ultra-trace level. Emphasized throughout both volumes is the application of the analysis of precision not only to continuous analytical quality control, but above all to the detection and identification of unknown sources of error in the determination of elements at the ultra-trace level. This volume includes an introduction to the method sampling, analysis, and precision. -- AATA

Neutron activation analysis for clinical trace element research

Topographical distribution of arsenic, manganese, and selenium in the normal human brain.

Modern Trends in Activation Analysis

The distribution of copper among the organs of an aborted, male foetus, expected to develop Menkes' syndrome, was entirely different from the distribution in 4 normal foetuses. Copper concentrations determined by neutron activation analysis showed a considerably reduced content in the liver, but increased concentrations in the other organs analysed; total foetal copper was normal.

Kaj Heydorn

Papers

Neutron activation analysis for clinical trace element research

Topographical distribution of arsenic, manganese, and selenium in the normal human brain.

Modern Trends in Activation Analysis

Extra-Hepatic Storage of Copper* A Male Foetus Suspected of Menkes' Disease

Is Menkes syndrome a copper storage disorder