Introduction In general, knowledge management (KM) is regarded as a series of interrelated activities, such as knowledge identifi cation, acquisition, storage, distribution, reuse, maintenance, and development that help society in taking right decisions in an appropriate way. As a powerful source, KM and e-learning work together in letting users obtain their requirements in the form of correct and complete information. In an organizational context, the concept of KM could be defi ned as actions taken to create, save, and reuse the organization’s knowledge. In order to share the information through people and organizations, e-learning plays a vital role which involves teaching and learning process and also content management. It views knowledge as a structural resource, which can be represented with relative form[3]. Just as with any other document and resource management, KM aims to provide proper knowledge at the right time, right place, in the right form, and to the right knowledge worker. Therefore, to address issues like how to capture, represent, manipulate, utilize, and share knowledge for eff ective KM, e-learning is an important method which can facilitate the capture, storage, sharing, dissemination, and creation of knowledge about teaching and learning. It is possible to manage content through e-learning systems, as knowledge is a source of power which must be shared and acquired. Therefore, e-learning helps in providing platforms which people can consider for sharing and enriching their experiences and information without being limited through time and place. It off ers to study topics on demand and saves time and cost. It helps in better memory and recollection because it combines images with words; combines sounds (or voice or music) with images; uses multiple types of media. It also uses color combinations and designs that fl ow with the natural movement of the eye[4]. Knowledge databases are usually available on software websites and off ers indexed explanations and guidance for software-related questions. They help the users to perform the specifi c tasks through step-by-step instructions set. These techniques are moderately interactive as one can either choose a key word or phrase to search the database or can opt from the alphabetical list. Similarly, online support is also a method of e-learning which is very similar to knowledge database. They are generally in the form of forums, chat rooms, email, or live instant messaging. It off ers users more interactive opportunities through specifi c question and answers. Visualization should help in understanding the substantial collection of various types of data. It should be able to provide framework for analyzing longitudinal and sequential data by considering several misleading data or information. The tools should be useradaptive and should be developed to understand a given condition[1]. Visualization should be useful in data construct considering merging diff erent types of information into a single representation.

Knowledge Management and E Learning

This paper discuss the novel implementation of Learner Centered Design Approach of E-learning System using 3D Virtual Tutors [1] and further enhances this work in facilitating young learners to interact with human tutors using WebRTC Based Multimedia Chat system. The present work adds three main features such as: Firstly, addition of live video lecture session by which students can interact with the tutor just like video call of Skype system. Secondly, the presentation of 3D virtual tutors' narrations of articles in the text form of live transcriptions of avatars' speech. Thirdly, introduction of timed quiz by which a real-life objective examination can be mimicked and thereby evaluating the performance of students. Lastly, we present a comparative evaluation of the original system and its improved version with respect to responses received from a large pool of young learners using the system.

Effective E-learning using 3D Virtual Tutors and WebRTC Based Multimedia Chat

The COVID-19 pandemic has struck education system around the globe. The pandemic initiated an immediate and complete lockdown of all the educational institutions, to keep social distancing. According to healthcare professionals, lockdown and social distancing could help to flatten the infection curve and reduce total fatalities from the COVID-19 pandemic. It has affected more than 90% of the world's learners, as the regular learning approaches are not appropriate in this out of the ordinary times and online learning seems to have become a critical salvation for learning, the educational institutions attempt to minimize the community spread of the disease. All the people participating in the education system accepted that teaching and learning methods need to be altered in the period of COVID-19 as the situation led to forced adaptation of e-learning methods. This paper investigates and evaluates the learners' perception in a higher education institution of India and compares the difference in the perception of the same students in Pre and Post COVID 19 period, using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences program (SPSS) version 23.0 and JASP 0.14.1 software applications for descriptive and analytical statistics i.e. medium, minimum, maximum, paired t-test and correlation. The result of this papers confirmed that there exists a statistically significant difference in the students' perception towards the Pre-Pandemic and Post-Pandemic learning methods, which indicates that students have a higher perception of the Pre-Pandemic learning blended learning, than that of the Post Pandemic learning web-assisted learning.

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Evaluating pre and post COVID 19 learning: An empirical study of learners' perception in higher education.

We are living in an essentially technological world, in which technology facilitates and promotes the development of institutions and the people who work or study in these institutions. Thus, it is claimed that technology should increasingly meet people's needs according to their goals, interests and learning styles. Aiming to imp rove the teaching and learning process, and based on a perspective of adaptation of the learning environment to the learner's needs, we present, in this article, the integration of learning styles in learning management systems by integrating the Honey-Alonso Learning Styles Questionnaire (CHA EA) in Sakai collaborative learning environment, which was adopted in a higher education institution.

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Proposal of a learning styles identification tool for sakai virtual learning environment

This paper proposes a methodology for learning of languages programming using open hardware tools. It has chosen as study case, the teaching of Python language due to versatility, structure and robustness that this language provides in the design and construction of hardware and software elements in devices such as Arduino or Raspberry PI. However, this methodology can be employed in the teaching of other type of programming languages such as C, Java, or Dart. It has selected as educational framework of the methodology some sections of the model known as Stage Self Direct Learning (SSDL) which provides a conceptual base that serves as reference model allowing to build a methodology in which the students will be participant of their own educational process. In order to enhance the learning process in the students, in the structure of course, it has designed an e-learning course taking as platform to ILIAS (Integriertes Lern-, Informations-und Arbeitskooperations-System). It is an open source platform with some features such as Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM) resources, forums, surveys, taxonomy services, exercises and assessment. During the development of course, different kinds of resources were created and shared through this platform, these were subject to discussion providing a space for the exchange of ideas and experiences associated with the main topics of this course. The methodology established allowed to encourage the interest of the students in the learning and use of programming languages as likewise using them in the design of projects that require the use of open hardware resources.

A proposal for teaching programming languages through open hardware tools

E-learning is defined as pedagogy empowered by digital technology which involves learning done at a computer, usually connected to a network, giving us the opportunity to learn almost anytime, anywhere. Today, E-learning allows to share and manage knowledge and skills of the professionals and to get the right information to the right people whenever they need it. This paper explains the types of E-Learning and the benefits of E-Learning. It also throws light on the trends in E-Learning. It analyzes how technology has changed value propositions in businesses and academics.

Kalpana S. Kumaran

Papers

Future trends in E-Learning