Petroleum exploration and production in the Nigeria’s Niger Delta region and export of oil and gas resources by the petroleum sector has substantially improved the nation’s economy over the past five decades. However, activities associated with petroleum exploration, development and production operations have local detrimental and significant impacts on the atmosphere, soils and sediments, surface and groundwater, marine environment and terrestrial ecosystems in the Niger Delta. Discharges of petroleum hydrocarbon and petroleum–derived waste streams have caused environmental pollution, adverse human health effects, socio–economic problems and degradation of host communities in the 9 oil–producing states in the Niger Delta region. Many approaches have been developed for the management of environmental impacts of petroleum production–related activities and several environmental laws have been institutionalized to regulate the Nigerian petroleum industry. However, the existing statutory laws and regulations for environmental protection appear to be grossly inadequate and some of the multinational oil companies operating in the Niger Delta region have failed to adopt sustainable practices to prevent environmental pollution. This review examines the implications of multinational oil companies operations and further highlights some of the past and present environmental issues associated with petroleum exploitation and production in the Nigeria’s Niger Delta. Although effective understanding of petroleum production and associated environmental degradation is importance for developing management strategies, there is a need for more multidisciplinary approaches for sustainable risk mitigation and effective environmental protection of the oil–producing host communities in the Niger Delta.

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Petroleum Exploration and Production: Past and Present Environmental Issues in the Nigeria's Niger Delta

The article analyzes the ways in which globalized oil extraction results in the dispossession of local people and fuels violent resistance in Nigeria's oil-rich, but impoverished Niger Delta This follows from the transformation of resistance from non-violent to violent forms, involving well-publicized attacks by Niger Delta, ethnic-minority militias against the Nigerian state-oil multinationals partnership The main argument is that oil extraction and the inequitable distribution of its benefits fuel disenchantment and conflict between the Niger Delta people, and those regarded as the exploiters and beneficiaries of the oil resources in the region It also examines the local and transnational dynamics and ambiguities underpinning resistance politics and the prospects for resolving the contradictions spawned by “fossil fuel capital” in the Niger Delta

Oil Extraction, Dispossession, Resistance, and Conflict in Nigeria's Oil-Rich Niger Delta

Opca teorija prava i države, 0pci dio ; posebni dio - teorija prava: aksioloska teorija o pravu, socioloska teorija o pravu, dogmatska teorija o pravu(pravni odnos, odlucivanje u pravu, formalni izvori prava, pravno pravilo, pravni propisnik, sustav prava ; obvezatnost pravnih pravila, objasnjenje pravnih pravila, primjena pravnih pravila) ; teorija države /sadržaji-bit vlasti ; oblici (organizacija) vlasti/.

General Theory of Law and State

Africans arriving by rickety fishing boats to the Canary Islands, risking the passage across the Straits of Gibraltar or washed upon the Italian island of Lampedusa are familiar examples of therece ...

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Migration in Sub-Saharan Africa

The Niger Delta wetlands are changing rapidly, raising concern for the wetlands' health and for communities relying upon its ecosystem services. Knowledge on ecosystem service provision is important for effective ecosystem and livelihoods management, but is currently lacking for the Niger Delta. We synthesised literature and used the ‘Drivers–pressure–state–impact–response’ (DPSIR) framework to structure information on changes in the wetlands' ecosystem services and implications for dependent communities. The wetlands' ecosystem services are being eroded through oil and gas exploration, dredging, invasive plant infestation and wetland reclamation. This is exacerbated by rising demand for oil, population growth and weak governance. Mass fish migration, water pollution and reduction of wetland area are also evident, impacting ecosystem services and traditional livelihood systems. This has caused poverty; people have to buy goods that previously could be obtained from the wetlands. Effective wetland manageme...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/21513732.2011.603138

The Niger Delta wetlands: threats to ecosystem services, their importance to dependent communities and possible management measures

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Oil and the Niger Delta People: The Injustice of the Land Use Act

In recent years, there has been an increasing practice of incorporating the right to a healthy/clean environment into national constitutions. This practice can be found in various parts of the world. Importantly, the judiciary in many countries has not only enforced such a right but has increasingly tended to interpret other constitutionally guaranteed human rights, especially the right to life, to include the right to a healthy/clean environment. In Nigeria, there are various environmental concerns which raise the question of environmental protection. This article seeks to consider recent developments in Nigeria in relation to the constitutional right to a healthy/clean environment – more specifically, the adoption of the human rights approaches to environmental protection by a Nigerian Federal High Court judge in deciding a case of alleged environmental damage.

Constitutional Right to a Healthy Environment and Human Rights Approaches to Environmental Protection in Nigeria: Gbemre v. Shell Revisited

The African renaissance - the renewal of the continent - effectively started in the last decade of the second millennium. A critical element is the increasing and widespread democratic awakening in ...

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The succession of Faure Gnassingbe to the Togolese presidency : an international law perspective

Oil and the Niger Delta People in International Law Resource Rights: Environmental and Equity Issues

Niger Delta oil contributes immensely to the well-being of the Nigerian State; yet the Niger Delta region remains underdeveloped and its indigenous inhabitants are among the poorest in Nigeria, leading the frustrated indigenous people to engage in frequent oil-related protests. Previous development bodies, such as the Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC), have failed to bring development to the region for various reasons. This article seeks to consider the Consolidated Council on Social and Economic Development of Coastal States of the Niger Delta (COSEND) — a new development institution recently established by the Government of Nigeria to drive the development of the Niger Delta region — with a view to determining whether it could succeed where similar bodies had failed in the past.

Kaniye S.A. Ebeku

Papers

Oil and the Niger Delta People: The Injustice of the Land Use Act

Constitutional Right to a Healthy Environment and Human Rights Approaches to Environmental Protection in Nigeria: Gbemre v. Shell Revisited

The succession of Faure Gnassingbe to the Togolese presidency : an international law perspective

Oil and the Niger Delta People in International Law Resource Rights: Environmental and Equity Issues

Niger Delta Oil, Development of the Niger Delta and the New Development Initiative Some Reflections from a Socio-Legal Perspective