Showing papers by "Karen M. Emmons published in 1991"
TL;DR: The exsmokers' responses to ozone and their improved MMF during the period of smoking abstinence were correlated, i.e., subjects with the largest baseline gains in MMF after withdrawal experienced the largest acute decrements inMMF during ozone exposure.
Abstract: Pulmonary function and symptom responses of asymptomatic smokers were measured during chamber exposures to ozone or filtered air. Subjects were evaluated while habituated to smoking and after 6 mo of smoking abstinence. At the onset of treatment, subjects (n = 18) who had a history of smoking 33.4 ± 15.6 packs/y and who had almost normal pulmonary function (forced vital capacity [FVC], forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV1.0], and mid-maximal flow [MMF] were g 82% of predicted) were unresponsive to ozone exposure (0.4 ppm for 2 h). A matched group of control smokers (n = 16) did not respond to filtered air exposure. After 6 mo of smoking cessation, baseline MMF rates improved significantly (p < .02); exsmokers (n = 15) raised this index from 3.32 to 4.11 l/s. All 9 subjects who abstained from smoking cigarettes for 6 mo and who were re-exposed to 0.4 ppm ozone had significant (p < .01) reductions in MMF (from a mean of 3.86 ± 1.32 [standard deviation] to 2.99 ± 0.94 l/s, i.e., 22.5% reduction) an...
21 citations
01 Jan 1991
TL;DR: Cigarette smoking remains the largest preventable cause of death in the United States and the annual costs associated with smoking are estimated to be $47.5 billion.
Abstract: Cigarette smoking remains the largest preventable cause of death in the United States. More than 390,000 Americans die each year due to cigarette smoking, accounting for 22% of all deaths among men and 11% of deaths among women.1 The annual costs associated with smoking are estimated to be $47.5 billion in medical care, absenteeism, decreased work productivity, and early retirement or death.2 This figure does not include the cost of illness for exposed nonsmokers from involuntary or passive smoking, which has now been established as a cause of disease, including lung cancer.1 These facts provide compelling reasons for the development and delivery of effective and economical smoking-cessation programs.
19 citations