This paper concludes that 4D models are a useful alternative to project scheduling tools like CPM networks and bar charts. They enable more people to understand a schedule quickly and identify potential problems. By developing a 4D model for a commercial construction project, we were able to detect the incompleteness of the original schedule, find inconsistencies in the level of detail among the schedule activities, and discover an impossible schedule sequence. We were also able to anticipate potential time-space conflicts and accessibility problems. The results of the case study show that 4D models are effective in evaluating the executability of a construction schedule. The case study also highlighted the need for improvements to 4D tools. 4D tools should include bar charts, component lists, and annotation tools in their graphical user interface. Automating schedule data preparation and 4D model generation in the design stages of a project can expedite 4D model development and use. Users need to be able to generate 4D models at multiple levels of detail and generate and evaluate alternative scenarios rapidly.

Closure of "Feasibility Study of 4D CAD in Commercial Construction"

Towards a semantic Construction Digital Twin: directions for future research

Integrating BIM and gaming for real-time interactive architectural visualization

A survey on modeling guidelines for quantity takeoff-oriented BIM-based design

The continuous developments of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry supported by the advancements in material resourcing and construction processes could offer engineers the essential decision-making procedures to leverage the raising demands for sustainable structural designs This article brings together the theory of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and the capabilities of BIM to survey the current developments in the energy efficiency of structural systems In addition, the article explores the engineering dimensions of common decision-making procedures within BIM systems including optimisation methods, buildability and safety constraints and code compliance limitations The research presents critical expositions in both engineering and sustainable energy domains The article then argues that future innovations in the sustainable decision-making of buildings’ structures would require BIM-integrated workflows in order to facilitate the conflicting nature of both energy efficient and engineering performance indexes Finally, the study puts forward a series of research guidelines for a consolidated decision paradigm that utilises the capabilities of BIM within the engineering and sustainable energy domains in a synergistic manner

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Life cycle energy efficiency in building structures: A review of current developments and future outlooks based on BIM capabilities

Knowledge-based schedule generation and evaluation

Construction scheduling is one of the key processes during the development of construction projects. As Building Information Models (BIM) gain more and more in importance for the design process, the scheduling process also has to be integrated into the collaborative model based working environment. For this purpose a Business Process Re-engineering approach (BPR) was applied to identify potential areas of improvement within the current scheduling and 4D simulation practice. This paper highlights the main findings and describes a novel solution approach consisting of a dynamic collaboration framework tailored for construction scheduling. Several tools were implemented to prove the new concept. The Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) are deployed to ensure open communication within the project team. Further research is ongoing within the European R&D project InPro.

A Dynamic Framework for Construction Scheduling Based on BIM Using IFC

Processes in civil engineering consist of a huge amount of different tasks with complex dependencies between them. Currently, the specification and adaption of construction schedules are supported insufficiently. To provide a more efficient and comprehensible planning support, within a research project several methods and algorithms have been developed to allow semi-automatic generation of construction schedules including different construction alternatives. This allows handling and comparing construction alternatives as well as the reuse of schedules created previously. This paper introduces a novel approach for the generation of construction schedules using Industry Foundation Classes. It facilitates project managers to extract information from a building information model for scheduling and leads to a quick visualization via 4D simulations without further user interaction.

Automated Generation of Construction Schedules based on the IFC Object Model

An open platform for processing IFC model versions

Construction scheduling is usually limited to the documentation of one final construction schedule, and construction alternatives that might have been considered during the planning process are usually not included in the final schedule. Moreover, a formal control of construction schedules in terms of completeness and correctness is very limited, because existing methods, such as 4D visualization, are insufficiently integrated into the construction planning process. This paper addresses the development of a software framework that has been designed to support the process of construction scheduling. As will be shown in this paper, the process of construction scheduling, which is usually carried out manually, is conducted automatically to a large extent using building information models (BIM) and 4D visualization. Due to the logical interconnections of BIM objects and construction tasks, flexible schedules and visual representations of construction processes are automatically generated without permanent human interaction.

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Karl Beucke

Papers

Knowledge-based schedule generation and evaluation

A Dynamic Framework for Construction Scheduling Based on BIM Using IFC

Automated Generation of Construction Schedules based on the IFC Object Model

An open platform for processing IFC model versions

Automated Generation of Construction Sequences using Building Information Models